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Energy Efficient Lighting: EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

This document discusses energy efficient lighting options and principles. It covers the basics of lighting measurement, the types of lighting technologies including incandescent, fluorescent, and HID lamps, factors that affect energy usage of lighting, and strategies for improving lighting efficiency such as using more efficient bulbs, daylighting, and lighting controls. The goal is to help reduce the significant portion of energy spent on lighting and provide high quality illumination.

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domingo
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94 views20 pages

Energy Efficient Lighting: EGEE 102 - Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection

This document discusses energy efficient lighting options and principles. It covers the basics of lighting measurement, the types of lighting technologies including incandescent, fluorescent, and HID lamps, factors that affect energy usage of lighting, and strategies for improving lighting efficiency such as using more efficient bulbs, daylighting, and lighting controls. The goal is to help reduce the significant portion of energy spent on lighting and provide high quality illumination.

Uploaded by

domingo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EGEE 102 – Energy Conservation

And Environmental Protection

Energy Efficient Lighting


Energy for Lighting
• We spend about one-quarter of our
electricity budget on lighting, or
more than $37 billion annually
• Technologies developed during the
past 10 years can help us cut
lighting costs 30% to 60% while
enhancing lighting quality and
reducing environmental impacts.
Objectives
• Lighting principles and definitions
• Types of lighting and how each
works
• Energy-efficient lighting options,
including daylighting, for new or
retrofit applications.
Lighting and Energy
Savings
• Lighting principles and definitions
• Types of lighting and how each
works
• Energy-efficient lighting options,
including day lighting, for new or
retrofit applications.
How lighting is
measured?
• The most common measure of light
output (or luminous flux) is the lumen .
All lamps are rated in lumens
• The distribution of light on a horizontal
surface is called its illumination.
• Illumination is measured in footcandles.
A footcandle of illumination is a lumen of
light distributed over a 1-square-foot
(0.09-square-meter) area
How much light do we
need?
• The task(s) being performed
(contrast, size, etc.)
• Ambient
• Task
• Accent
• The ages of the occupants
• The importance of speed and
accuracy
Factors Affecting the
Quantity of Lamps
Required
• Fixture efficiency
• Lamp lumen output
• The reflectance of surrounding
surfaces
• The effects of light losses from lamp
lumen depreciation and dirt
accumulation
• Room size and shape
• Availability of natural light (daylight)
How Much Light?
• In the past, spaces were designed for as
much as 200 footcandles in places where
50 footcandles may not only be adequate,
but superior.
• Not only does over lighting waste energy,
but it can also reduce lighting quality
• 30 fc of ambient lighting for computer
room
• 50 fc for reading and writing
Color Rendition Index
• The ability to see colors properly is
another aspect of lighting quality
• The color rendering index (CRI) scale is
used to compare the effect of a light
source on the color appearance of its
surroundings. A scale of 0 to 100
defines the CRI.
• A higher CRI means better color
rendering, or less color shift
Types of Lighting
• There are four basic types of
lighting:
1. Incandescent,
2. Fluorescent,
3. High-intensity discharge, and
4. Low-pressure sodium
Incandescent Light
• Light is produced
by a tiny coil of
Filament tungsten wire that
glows when it is
heated by an
electrical current.
• shortest lives
• Inefficient
Types of Incandescent
Bulbs
• Standard incandescent
• Most common yet the most inefficient
• Larger wattage bulbs have a higher efficacy than
smaller wattage bulbs
• Tungsten halogen
• It has a gas filling and an inner coating that
reflect heat
• Better energy efficiency than the standard A-
type bulb
• Reflector lamps
• Reflector lamps (Type R) are designed to spread
light over specific areas
• floodlighting, spotlighting, and downlighting
Fluorescent Bulbs
• filled with an argon or argon-krypton gas and a small
amount of mercury
• coated on the inside with phosphors
• equipped with an electrode at both ends 3 to 4 times as
efficient as incandescent lighting
• Fluorescent lamps provide light by the following
process:
• An electric discharge (current) is maintained between
the electrodes through the mercury vapor and inert
gas.
• This current excites the mercury atoms, causing them
to emit non-visible ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• This UV radiation is converted into visible light by the
phosphors lining the tube
Fluorescent Bulbs
• Fluorescent lamps last about 10
times longer than incandescent
bulbs
• Fluorescent lights need ballasts
(i.e., devices that control the
electricity used by the unit) for
starting and circuit protection
Types of Fluorescents

•Tube fluorescent Compact fluorescent


CFLs
• CFLs can replace incandescents that
are roughly 3 to 4 times their
wattage
• They last 10 to 15 times as long.
• Cost from 10 to 20 times more than
comparable incandescent bulbs
• One of the best energy efficiency
investments available.
High Intensity Discharge
(HID) Lamp
• High-intensity
discharge (HID)
lamps provide the
highest efficacy
and longest
service life of any
lighting type
• mercury vapor
• metal halide, and
high-pressure
sodium
They also require ballasts, and they take a few seconds to
produce light when first turned on because the ballast
needs time to establish the electric arc
Efficacy
• This is the ratio
of light output
from a lamp to
the electric
power it
consumes and
is measured in
lumens per
watt (LPW).
Improved Lighting
Controls
• Snap Switches
• Photocells
• Timers
• Occupancy sensors
• Dimmers
Resources
• http://www.eren.doe.gov/erec/facts
heets/eelight.html
• http://www.misty.com/~don/dschla
mp.html
• LIGHTING FUNDAMENTALS

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