Cable, Rating

and Installation
Method
Course Outcome
At the end of the lecture the student will be able
to:
a) Identify various type of cables

b) Differentiate various type of wiring method

c) Describe the operation of devices involved

d) Sketch the diagram of devices

Electrical Cables
 An electric cable is a group of one, two or more
wires or optical fibers bound together, in a common
protective jacket or sheath. Individual wires or fibers
inside the jacket are usually covered or insulated.
 There are combination cables, made by
manufacturers and may contain both electrical wires
and optical fibers.
 Copper wires are most commonly used because of
its excellent conductivity. Aluminum wires are also
used as they are less expensive
Materials for Electrical Cable
 The electrical cables we use are made of various types of
materials. A cable has several layers and different layers are
made from different materials. The conductors in the cables are
usually made of metals or metallic alloys because metals are
good conductor of electricity and also they are strong, ductile and
durable. Similarly, the insulation of cables are made of such
materials which are heat resistant, flexible, durable and non
conducting. So we can categorize the cables on the basis of
materials with which they are made.
 Copper
 Aluminum
 Tungsten
 Teflon
 For underground
cabling
 Steel wire used for
mechanical protection
and also can be used
for earthing.
Power Cables
 Power cables are designed and
manufactured for high voltages (>600 V).
These are solid or stranded conductors that
are surrounded by insulation, shielding, and a
protective jacket.
Power Cable Rating
 Low Voltage (<1kV)
 Medium Voltage (6-36 kV)
 High Voltage (>40 kV)
 DC power cable: These high performance cables are used in diverse
electronic equipment and applications.
 Y power cable: A "Y" shaped power cable is a type of power cable that splits
an existing power cable into two connections. This helps in additional
connections of internal devices like CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, hard drive, or other
devices. The cable is also used as an extension of the existing power cable.
 AC power cable: These cables are used in areas requiring high AC current.
These cables are strong and can carry high electric loads.
 Shore power cable: These high performance cables are used in marine
industry. These cables have high mechanical strength and insulation
resistance.
 Underground power cable: These power cables are suitable for
underground power applications and have suitable conductor and insulation.
The cables are used in high performance areas and are required for carrying
high voltage.
Installation method
 Surface
 Surface wire on wood

 Surface conduit

 Conceal

-PVC conduit
- GI conduit
 Over head –high voltage

 Underground – high voltage

Types of Electrical Conduit
There are different types of electrical conduits manufactured in the global market depending
on their end application. The different types are:
 PVC conduit: PVC conduits are a popular type of electrical conduit used for above ground
and underground applications. These conduits are made of high quality PVC and are
flexible in nature. The pipes have high electrical strength, impact resistance, tensile
strength. These conduits are available in different sizes with diameters ranging from 1/2" to
6". More
 Rigid Steel conduit: This heavy duty pipe has threaded ends. The size can be
determined by the inside diameter measurement. The conduit is available in different sizes
including 1/2, 3/4, 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, 3, 3 1/2, 4, 5, and 6.
 Electrical metallic tubing (EMT): These conduits are relatively easy to bend, cut and
form. This light-gauge pipe is also known as a thin wall conduit. These conduits are
available from ½ inch to 4 inch diameter.
 Non-metallic conduit or PVC conduit: These conduits are circular in shape and
generally corrugated. These conduits are used in under ground installations. These
conduits are popular because they provide high strength, have a low absorption rate,
watertight joints, and have low installation costs.
 Galvanized rigid conduit (GRC): These metallic conduits are coated with zinc for
increasing resistance to corrosion and abrasion.
 Intermediate metal conduit (IMC): These have circular raceways that are rigid and also
have thinner walls as compared to rigid metal conduits.
Cable size
Conductor Installation methods A to C of Table 9A

cross- (Enclosed)  

sectional 2 cables, single- 3 or 4 cables, three

area phase a.c. or d.c. phase a.c.

         

  Current Volt drop Current Volt drop

  carrying per ampere carrying per ampere

  capacity per metre capacity per metre

1 2 3 4 5

mm 2
A mV A mV

1.0 14 42 12 37

1.5 17 28 14 24

2.5 24 17 21 15

4 32 11 29 9.2

         

6 41 7.1 37 6.7

10 55 4.2 51 3.7

16 74 2.7 66 2.3

25 97 1.7 87 1.5

35 119 1.3 106 1.1

Cable design
The electrical devices used in a house are as follows:
a)10 nos., 1x40 watt of fluorescent lighting
b)2 nos , 1 x50 watt of ceiling fan
c)3 nos , 16 A switch socket outlet (SSO) with radial circuit
d)1 No 1.5 HP air-cond point
e)1 No .1 kW heater
f)1 No. 5 kW cooker
Using all the data given, identified the suitable size of cable to be use
for the house.
Without diversity factor
With diversity factor
a) Lighting,
I=P/(Vxpf)
P=IV, = I=P/(Vxpf) , = {(10 x 40)/240xpf }X (0.66) = 1.1
b) Ceiling fan
I=V/P = {2 x 50/240xpf} X (0.66) = 0.27A
c) SSO
2 nos SSO = 1 circuit = 16 A (100%)
1 nos SSO = 2nd circuit = (16A x 0.4) = 6.4A (40%)
Total = 16 +6.4 = 22.4A
d) Air-condiotioning
1.0 HP = 746 watt
1 no. A/C = 1 x 1.5 HP x 746/240 = 4.66A (no diversity allowed)
e) Water Heater
I=P/V, = 1 x 1000/240x(pf) = 4.17A (no diversity allowed)
Cooking appliance
5000/240x(pf) = 10 A + 30%(20.83A) + 5 A =21.25 A
Total current = 1.1 + 0.27+22.4+4.66+4.17+21.25 = -
Therefore cable size recommended to be 10mm2 O
Choosing the cable size of a
small appliance in a house
Ligthing+fan S.S.O Aircon Heater Cooking
app
MCB 6A 16 A 32A 32A 32A
WODF 2.09 A 32 A 4.66 A 4.17 20.83
WDF 2.09x0.66 16 A + No No
=1.37 A (0.4*16A) diversity diversity 10A+0.3(10
=22.4 A factor factor .83)+5A=
=4.66 A =4.17 A 18.
CCC 1.5 mm ** 2.5 mm 4 mm 4 mm 4 mm
(refer
table)

#Refer table CCC compare MCB and WDF whichever bigger

Electrical Conduit
 An electrical conduit is a tube used for
carrying electrical wire for power or
communications. These are lengths of solid
tubing used for housing, protecting, and
covering electrical wiring and cables in power
distribution systems.
Series circuit and ring circuit
Conduit
Overhead
Underground
Three phase balanced
distribution 20A 20A 20A
10A 20A 30A

30A 20A

Unbalanced 3O Balanced 3O
Advantages of Balanced 3
phase
 Generation cost
 Size of cable

 Size of devices

 Total project cost

Physical 3 Phase distribution
board

R Y B

ELCB m/s
Effect of unbalanced 3 phase
DB usage

Socket Air-cond Lighting Socket Air-cond

Lighting

R R
Y Y
B B

Notes: Unblanced 3 O before alignment.

Protection devices might be trip because of
overload at red phase