Node.

Js
Server Side Javascript
Introduction Node.js
Node.js was created by Ryan Dahl starting
in 2009, and its growth is sponsored by
Joyent, his employer.
Node JS is a JavaScript framework
invented to execute the code by interacting
with the input and output.
Node's goal is to provide an easy way to
build scalable network programs.
What is node.js ?
Node.js uses an event-driven, non-blocking I/O
model that makes it lightweight and efficient,
perfect for data-intensive real-time applications
that run across distributed devices.
Node.js Runs on Google's V8 JavaScript Engine
 Node.js programs are executed by V8 Java script
engine the same used by Google chrome
browser.
Node.js is used to build server side applications.
The Node.js platform provides abstractions that
make it easier to create event-driven applications. 
 Node.js scales on a per processor basis as well as
across servers. 
Why to use Node?
Firstly, for performance and scalability.
Node can handle thousands of requests
concurrently where PHP would just
collapse.
Today it is used to power websites for
LinkedIn, New York Times, PayPal, eBay,
Walmart, Yahoo!, Intuit, Voxer and Uber,
among other companies.
What is unique about
Node.js?
1. JavaScript used in client-side but node.js
puts the JavaScript on server-side thus
making communication between client and
server will happen in same language.

2. Servers are normally thread based but

Node.JS is “Event” based. Node.JS serves
each request in a Evented loop that can able
to handle simultaneous requests.
Traditional Web Server
Model
 In the traditional web server model, each request is handled by
a dedicated thread from the thread pool. If no thread is
available in the thread pool at any point of time then the
request waits till the next available thread. Dedicated thread
executes a particular request and does not return to thread
pool until it completes the execution and returns a response.
Node.js Process Model
 Node.js processes user requests differently when
compared to a traditional web server model. Node.js
runs in a single process and the application code runs
in a single thread and thereby needs less resources
than other platforms. All the user requests to your
web application will be handled by a single thread and
all the I/O work or long running job is performed
asynchronously for a particular request. 
 What can you do with
Node ?
It is a command line tool. You download a
tarball, compile and install the source.

It lets you Layered on top of the TCP library is

a HTTP and HTTPS client/server.

The JS executed by the V8 javascript engine

(the thing that makes Google Chrome so fast)

Node provides a JavaScript API to access the

network and file system.
What can’t do with Node?
Node is a platform for writing JavaScript
applications outside web browsers. This is
not the JavaScript we are familiar with in
web browsers. There is no DOM built into
Node, nor any other browser capability.

Node can’t run on GUI, but run on terminal

Why node.js use event-
based?
In a normal process cycle, the web server while processing
the request will have to wait for the IO operations and
thus blocking the next request to be processed.

Node.JS process each request as events, The server

doesn’t wait for the IO operation to complete while it can
handle other request at the same time.

When the IO operation of first request is completed it will

call-back the server to complete the request.
Node.js VS Apache
1. It's fast
2. It can handle tons of concurrent requests
3. It's written in JavaScript (which means you can
use the same code server side and client side)

Platform Number of request per

second
PHP ( via Apache) 3187,27
Static ( via Apache ) 2966,51
Node.js 5569,30
Steps to install Node.js in
Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm
sudo npm cache clean -f
sudo npm install -g n
sudo n stable

 To get the node version, following command is

used:
node –v
 To get the npm version, following command is
used:
npm -v
 Node.js Console
 Node.js comes with virtual environment called REPL (i.e.,
Node shell). REPL stands for Read-Eval-Print-Loop. It is a
quick and easy way to test simple Node.js/JavaScript code.
 To launch the REPL (Node shell), open command prompt or
terminal (in UNIX/Linux) and type node as shown below. It
will change the prompt to >.
Node.js Examples in REPL
Execute external java script
You can execute an external JavaScript file
by writing node fileName command. For
example, assume that
node-example.js is on your home
directory with following code.
console.log("Hello World");
Now, you can execute node-exampe.js
from command prompt as shown below.
Understanding NPM
NPM is a package manager for Node JS.NPM is
the
pre-build libraries for Node JS. It was created in
2009 and it was introduced for Node JS in 2011.
It is a public collection of packages of
open source code for Node JS. NPM is command
line client. Whenever you install Node JS, npm
will automatically install in your system.
NPM is basically a repository of libraries you
can use in your project like ruby has gems.
You can also use it just like npm install to
install any packages and their dependencies in
package.json
NPM: Introduction
npm makes it easy for JavaScript developers to share
the code that they've created to solve particular
problems, and for other developers to reuse that
code in their own applications.
Once you're depending on this code from other
developers, npm makes it really easy to check to see
if they've made any updates to it, and to download
those updates when they're made.
These bits of reusable code are called packages, or
sometimes modules. A package is just a directory
with one or more files in it, that also has a file called
"package.json" with some metadata about this
package.
Bootstrapping Application
 In Node JS, Everything works in JSON.(Java Script Object
Notation)
 There is one main file which gives information about
JSON is a collection of name/value pairs.
the application is package.json.
In various languages, this is realized as
an object, record, struct, dictionary, hash
table, keyed list, or associative array.

 Create the folder for project using the command:

mkdir mynodejs_app
 In Node JS, each application work like
library/package so anyone can install and start
working on it. Next, go to the folder mynodejs_app
and execute the following command:
npm init
package.json structure
package.json: Instructs the Node.js package manager (npm) what it
needs to do; including which dependency packages should be installed.

1. name : (mynodejs_app) – It will take default name which is bracket if

not entered.
2. version :(version number) – It will take default version if not entered.
Better add version as it play vital role when you get bug.
3. description – Enter the description
entry point : (index.js) – This is the default entry file which is called default.
you can override with any file.
4. test command – Whenever you type “npm test”, what all set of
command should be fire to test application.
5. git repository – if you are using Git Repository, you can enter here. So,
you can easily deploy or update code on server.
6. keywords – You can add keywords matched with package.
7. author – Enter the name of author.
8. license :(ISC) – If you creating public package, what kind of licence
applicable, you can enter here.

Refer this URL for more info: http://browsenpm.org/package.json#scripts

 This will generate the JSON snippet and write it
in the package.json file. It will ask for the
confirmation. After that package.json file will
be created in your application folder which
contains following JSON information.
package.json
Steps to create simple node application
Create a file called calc.js in the folder
mynodejs_app

Create index.js in the same folder

To start node application enter the following

npm start
 Node.js Web Server
 Node.js provides capabilities to create your own web
server which will handle HTTP requests
asynchronously. You can use IIS or Apache to run
Node.js web application but it is recommended to use
Node.js web server.
 When you start building HTTP-based applications in
Node.js, the built-in http/https modules are the ones
you will interact with.
 We'll need to require the http module and bind our
server to the port 5000 (user defined) to listen on.
 requestHandler: this function will be invoked
every time a request hits the server. If you
visit localhost:5000 from your browser, two log
messages will appear: one for / and one
for favicon.ico
 Node.js Web Server
if (err): error handling - if the port is already taken,
or for any other reason our server cannot start, we
get notified here.
The http module is very low-level - creating a
complex web application using the snippet below is
very time-consuming. This is the reason why we
usually pick a framework to work with for our
projects. There are a lot you can pick from, but
these are the most popular ones:
express
hapi
koa
restify
 Web Server Application
myserver.js

You can start it with: Open in chrome browser

Type Ctrl+c to Stop the server