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Physics Presentation

Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and forces that cause motion. It has two main parts: statics which deals with objects at rest, and dynamics which analyzes motion. Dynamics has two types - kinematics which describes motion, and kinetics which describes causes of motion. Key concepts in mechanics include distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, Newton's laws of motion. Newton's laws relate force, mass and acceleration quantitatively.

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Mahbubur Rahman
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88 views22 pages

Physics Presentation

Mechanics is the branch of physics that deals with the motion of objects and forces that cause motion. It has two main parts: statics which deals with objects at rest, and dynamics which analyzes motion. Dynamics has two types - kinematics which describes motion, and kinetics which describes causes of motion. Key concepts in mechanics include distance, displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration, Newton's laws of motion. Newton's laws relate force, mass and acceleration quantitatively.

Uploaded by

Mahbubur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL

UNIVERSITY

WELCOME TO OUR
PRESENTATION
Group Name: The Clouds
Topic Name: Mechanics
Mechanics
The study of Physics begins with mechanics.

Mechanics is the branch of physics


that focuses on the motion of objects and
the forces that cause the motion to
change.
Types of Mechanics
There are two parts to mechanics:
 Statics: It is a branch of mechanics which deals with the study of
material objects at rest .

 Dynamics: Dynamics as the mathematical analysis of the motion of


bodies as a result of impressed forces.
Two types of dynamics are
Kinematics: Nature of motion.
Kinetics: Nature and cause of motion.
Objects in Motion
 Rest: An object to be in rest if it does not change its
position with time with respect to its surroundings

 Motion: An object is said to be in motion if it


change its position with time with respect to its
surroundings
Distance:
Length of a path between two points
SI unit is Meters (m)
Displacement:
Distance from starting point to
end point in a straight line.
Includes direction.
Displacement is a vector- it has a
size and direction.
Same units as distance but
includes direction.
Speed:
Ratio of distance/ time.
Average speed= Total distance/ Total time
Speed is not ever negative.
Units of speed=SI- Meters per second , common-
miles per hour
Average Speed

Units for speed: m/s, MPH, kmPH.


Velocity:
Velocity is a vector, it has both magnitude
and direction.
Velocity can be negative or positive
depending on direction of motion.
Velocity = DISPLACEMENT / Time
SI Units- m/s
Average Velocity

Displacement
Average velocity 
Elapsed time
  
 x  x o x
v 
t  to t
Units for velocity: m/s, MPH, kmPH.
Instantaneous Velocity and Speed
The instantaneous velocity v indicates how fast an object moves and the direction
of the motion at each instant of time.


 x
v  lim
t 0 t

The magnitude of the instantaneous velocity is called the instantaneous speed, and it is
the number (with units) indicated by the speedometer.
Acceleration
• Average acceleration = velocity change/time taken
v2  v1 v
a 
t 2  t1
t

• Notice that acceleration relates to change in velocity exactly as velocity relates


to change in displacement.

• Velocity is a vector, so acceleration is a vector.


Instantaneous Acceleration
• This is just like the definition of instantaneous velocity:
• The instantaneous acceleration

v dv
a  lim  dt.
t0 t

• The acceleration at time t1 is the


v(t)
slope of the velocity graph v(t)
at that time.
O t1 t
Our Units for One-Dimensional Motion
• Displacement: meters (can be positive or negative)

• Velocity = rate of change of displacement,


units: Meters per second, written m/s or m.sec-
1.

• Acceleration = rate of change of velocity,


units:
Meters per second per second, written m/s2 or
Constant Acceleration
Formulas
v  v  at 0

x  x  v t  1 at2 0
0 2

v0 2v1
v
v 2  v02  2a x  0
x 
These formulas are worth memorizing: the last one is simply derived
by eliminating t between the first two.
•
Newton’s First Law of Motion
Newton’s First Law is that an object continues to
move at constant velocity unless acted on by
external forces.

• This applies for motion in any direction.


• (This was hard to accept, because forces were
considered to arise only from contact, a push or
pull, and this “force of gravity” seemed magical.)
• ManyForce andlead
experiments Acceleration
to the conclusion Ithat
a given force (such as a spring extended by a
measured amount) accelerates an object in
the direction of the force at a rate inversely
proportional to the “amount of stuff” in the
object.
• This amount of stuff is called the mass, or
inertial mass, of the object: it measures the
object’s resistance to being accelerated: the
object’s inertia. It is denoted by m.
Units for Force
• We already have a unit for mass, the kg, and
acceleration, m/s2.
• We define the magnitude of the unit force as
that force which accelerates one kilogram at
one meter per second per second.

• This unit force is one Newton.


•
Newton’s Second Law
The relation between force, mass and
acceleration can now be written:
F  ma

where the magnitude of the force F is


measured in Newtons, the mass is in
kilograms and the acceleration is in meters per
second per second.
• This is Newton’s Second Law.
• If the same force is applied to an object with greater
mass, the object accelerates at a slower rate because
mass adds inertia.
Newton’s Third Law
• If two bodies interact, the
force on B from A is equal in
magnitude to the force on
A from B, and opposite in
direction :

FAB  FBA
In the example shown here,
the glove suffers a force
exactly equal in magnitude
to that felt by the face.

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