Kuliah 7
Pasang Surut Air Laut
Oleh
NGAKAN PUTU PURNADITYA
JURUSAN TEKNIK SIPIL, FT UNTIRTA, 2019
Tides Phenomena
Tides is a periodic rising and falling of sea level, whereby the amplitude
and the phase related directly to periodical geophysics force.
Geophysics force is the term of force affected by the movement of
moon, earth and sun.
Tide-Producing Force
The law of universal gravitation was first published by Newton in 1686.
Newton's law of gravitation states that every particle of matter in the
universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly
proportional to the product of the masses of the particles and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them (Sears and
Zemansky 1963). Quantitative aspects of the law of gravitational
attraction between two bodies of mass m1 and m2 can be written as
follows:
m1m2
Fg f 2
r
where Fg is the gravitational force on either particle, r is separation of
distance between the centers of mass of the two bodies, and f is the
universal constant with a value of 6.67 × 10-8 cm3/gm sec2.
The gravitational force of the earth on particle m1 can be determined
from Equation before. Let Fg = m1g where g is the acceleration of
gravity (980.6 cm/sec2) on the surface of the earth, and m2 equal the
mass of the earth E. By substitution, an expression for the gravitational
constant can be written in terms of the radius of the earth a and the
acceleration of gravity g.
2
a
f g
E
Spring and Neap Tides Cycle
Types of Tides
The types of tides are determined based on the Formzahl Number, F.
The Formzahl Number obtained through the relationship below
K1 O1
F
M 2 S2
The following are the interpretation of the F number
1. Semi diurnal tides : F < 0,25
2. Mixed-dominant semi diurnal : 0,25 < F ≤ 0,5
3. Mixed-dominant diurnal : 0,5 < F ≤ 3,00
4. Diurnal tides : F > 3,00
The Terminologies of Sea Water Level
1. MHHWL (Mean Highest High Water Level): The average of high
water level when the spring tides occurs.
2. MLLWL (Mean Lowest Low Water Level): The average of low water
level when the spring tides occurs.
3. MHWL (Mean High Water Level): The average of high water level
along 19,6 years period.
4. MLWL (Mean Low Water Level): The average of low water level
along 18,6 years period.
5. MSL (Mean Sea Level): The average of sea water level in every tidal
period along 18,6 years. Usually MSL is determined from the
reading hourly.
6. HWL (High Water Level): The maximum level obtained in rising
tides.
7. HHWL (Highest High Water Level): The highest water level when the
spring tides.
8. LWL (Low Water Level): The minimum level obtained in falling tides.
9. LLWL (Lowest Low Water Level): The lowest water level when the
spring tides.
The Harmonic Constituents Analysis (Tides
Analysis)
The objective of tides analysis to obtain the value of sea water level
(MSL, HWL, HHWL, LWL, LLWL, etc)
But how ? there are two pathways which can be conducted
1. Admiralty approach (Full description and example have been
enclosed as pdf file)
2. Least square approach
Due both of approaches are very confusing, hence circumspection
when analyzed them is necessary.
Following is the result table of admiralty approach.
REKAPITULASI HASIL ANALISA
Water Level Tides Components
Components S0 M2 S2 N2 K1 O1 M4 MS4 K2 P1
A (cm) 149.94 60.44 37.10 5.69 20.09 4.63 0.20 0.39 10.02 6.63
o
g 0 330.86 36.593 300.87 341.59 227.66 164.59 230.92 36.593 341.59
MSL 150 cm 1.50 m Mean Sea Level
HHWL 272 cm 2.72 m Highest High Water Level
MHWL 235 cm 2.35 m Mean High Water Level
MLWL 65 cm 0.65 m Mean Low Water Level
LLWL 28 cm 0.28 m Lowest Low Water Level
Based on the table, the Formzahl Number can be calculated below
K1 O1
F
M 2 S2
20,09 4,63
F
60,44 37,10
F 0,253
By the F number is 0,253, therefore the tides event included in Mixed-
dominant semi diurnal condition.
Drainage in Estuary
Problem in the estuary Tidal Flooding, for example in Medan
Belawan, North Sumatera
Solution ?
Polder System.
Structural Approach: Seawall, Improvement of drainage capacity.
Non-Structural Approach: Mangrove forest, adaptation, etc.
Special case for improvement of drainage capacity
Drainage design which involving tides effect.
The elevation of water surface commonly
determined based on HWL
Drainage design without tides effect. This
drainage designed for run off control only
ON ESTUARY DRAINAGE DESIGN, THE MAIN
PROBLEM CONTROLLED IN DRAINAGE ARE
RUN OFF AND THE RISING OF SEA WATER
LEVEL.
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION
NGAKAN PUTU PURNADITYA
[email protected]+62 812 88 77 070
Kisi-Kisi UTS
Sifat UTS : Open Sheet A4 bolak-balik (dilarang berisi contoh soal)
Kisi-Kisi:
- Teori tentang siklus hidrologi.
- Teori tentang dasar-dasar perencanaan drainase.
- Teori tentang limpasan.
- Hitungan distribusi frekuensi.
- Hitungan debit rencana.
- Penafsiran/interpretasi tentang hasil analisa harmonik pasang surut
air laut.
