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Lightning Arrester PPT

Lightning arresters are used to protect electrical systems from high voltage surges caused by lightning strikes. They work by conducting surges to the ground before they can damage equipment. There are different classes of arresters for different applications, including station, intermediate, distribution, and secondary classes. Station class arresters protect high voltage equipment, while secondary class arresters provide basic protection for homes and businesses. Lightning arresters divert strikes to the ground to limit voltage and prevent physical damage.

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2K views20 pages

Lightning Arrester PPT

Lightning arresters are used to protect electrical systems from high voltage surges caused by lightning strikes. They work by conducting surges to the ground before they can damage equipment. There are different classes of arresters for different applications, including station, intermediate, distribution, and secondary classes. Station class arresters protect high voltage equipment, while secondary class arresters provide basic protection for homes and businesses. Lightning arresters divert strikes to the ground to limit voltage and prevent physical damage.

Uploaded by

dheerajdb99
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A SEMINAR

ON
LIGHTNING ARRESTER
1

PRESENTED BY:-
ARPITA ROUTRAY
REGD
NO:1301110117
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Introduction
2
Lightning arresters or surge diverters are used to protect the earth screen and ground
wires in an electrical system against direct lightning strokes. They conduct the high voltage
surges to the ground without getting affected to the system. The lightning arrestor provides
a cone of protection which has a ground radius approximately equal to its height above the
ground.

The surge diverters consist of a spark gap in series with a nonlinear resistor. The
function of non linear resistor is very important. As the gap sparks over, due to the over
voltage, the arc would get short circuited and may cause power flow current in the arrester.
Since the characteristic of the resistor is to offer high resistance to high voltage, it prevents
the effect of a short circuit. After the surge is over, the resistor offers high resistance to
make the gap non-conducting.

One end of the arrester would be connected to the terminal of the equipment to be
protected and other end would be grounded. The length of the spark gap is set in such a
way that normal line voltage is enough to cause an arc across the gap but high voltage
would break down the air insulation and form an arc.
Working of lightning
3 arrester
The lightning arrestor protects the structure from
damage by intercepting flashes of lightning and
transmitting their current to the ground. Since
lightning strikes tends to strike the highest object in
the vicinity, the rod is placed at the apex of a tall
structure. It is connected to the ground by low-
resistance cables. In the case of a building, the soil is
used as the ground, and on a ship, water is used. A
lightning rod provides a cone of protection, which has
a ground radius approximately, equal to its height
above the ground.
Concept of lightning
4
Lightning is an atmospheric
discharge of electricity from
the thunder ,which typically
occurs during thunderstorms
or during storms.
The atmospheric discharge
lightning can travel at a speed
of 220,000 km/h.
It can reach temperature
approaching 30,000 degree
Celsius.
Figure shows the lightning
strikes on efiel tower in 1902.
What exactly does a surge arrester
do5
Surge arresters does not
absorb the lightning.
Surge arresters does not
stop the lightning.
Surge arresters divert the
lightning to the ground.
Surge arresters limit the
voltage produced by
lightning.
7
8
Types of lightning
9 arresters
Station class
Intermediate class
Distribution class
Secondary class
STATION CLASS
10

 Station class arresters are typically used in electrical


power stations or substations and other high
voltage structure and areas.
 These arresters protect against both lightning and
over voltages,when the electrical device has more
current in the system than it is designed to handle.
 These arresters are designed to protect equipment
above the 20mVA rage.
INTERMEDIATE CLASS
11

Like station class arresters, intermediate class


arresters protect against surges from lightning and
over voltages ,but are designed to be used in
medium voltage equipment areas,such as electrical
utility stations,substations,transformers or other
substation equipment.
These arresters are designed in the range of 1 to
20mVA.
DISTRIBUTION CLASS
12

Distribution class arresters are most commonly


found on transformers, both dry- type and liquid
filled.
These arresters are found on equipment rated at
1000kVA or less.
These arresters are sometimes found on exposed
lines that have direct connections to rotating
machines.
SECONDARY CLASS
13

Secondary class lightning arresters are designed to


protect most homes and business from lightning
strikes, and are required by most electrical codes.
These arresters cause high voltage overages to
ground, though they do not short all over voltage
from a surge. Secondary class arresters offer the
least amount of protection to electrical systems.
14
WITHOUT PROTECTED HOUSE WITH LIGHTING ARRESTER
15
PROTECTED HOUSE WITH LIGHTING ARRESTER
16
.
Surge diverters are available depending on the purpose
17

1.Rod gap arrester

2.Expulsion type lighting arrester

3.Valve gap arrester


Applications
18

Lightning arresters are used on tall buildings to


prevent lightning from causing physical damage to
infrastructure.
It is used on power lines to protect the cables from
lightning.
Lightning arresters are used power outlets to protect
electronic devices from surges of electricity.
CONCLUSION
19

All electrical equipment in an electrical system needs


to be protected from voltage surges. The rating of the
arrester, the class of arrester and location of the
arrester all play in a part in the surge protection. In
tall buildings ground is used to discharge and in
ships water is used to discharge the voltage. In
protection of substation we use different class of
lightning arresters to protect the electrical
equipment.
Thank you

20

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