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Environmental Song: Monday Presentation

The document provides an overview of topics related to biotechnology and biodiversity conservation including: 1. Approaches to biodiversity conservation and a short quiz on its importance. 2. Problems with biotechnology in agriculture and a discussion on the Philippines and GMOs. 3. Details on gene therapy, nanotechnology products, the Cartagena Protocol, and questions on related topics from the book.

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Maria Paz Ganot
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views

Environmental Song: Monday Presentation

The document provides an overview of topics related to biotechnology and biodiversity conservation including: 1. Approaches to biodiversity conservation and a short quiz on its importance. 2. Problems with biotechnology in agriculture and a discussion on the Philippines and GMOs. 3. Details on gene therapy, nanotechnology products, the Cartagena Protocol, and questions on related topics from the book.

Uploaded by

Maria Paz Ganot
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Environmental song

• Monday presentation
Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation
1. Philippine Laws (Take home task: collage)
2. Book p. 104
Short quiz

In a maximum of 50 words, give one


importance of biodiversity. Please elaborate.
Problems with
Biotechnology
in Agriculture
Philippines and GMO case:
Where are we?
Write a 1-2 page discussion paper:
The paper consists of four main parts:
Introduction;
Body;
Conclusions;
List of citations and sources. (APA format)

Cartagena Protocol
Book 108
• Book p. 108 (Questions and Activity)
• Collect 10 Nanotech Products
• Create a Model for Gene therapy product.
• Book 113
Introduction to
Biotechnology
What is Biotechnology?
• Biotechnology is the manipulation of
living organisms and organic material to
serve human needs (1750 BC).
• Examples:
– Yeast in bread making and alcohol
production
– Use of beneficial bacteria (penicillin)
– Cloning of plants and animals
– Artificial insemination
Biotechnology Industry

• Research is conducted by small


companies, large corporations, and
public universities.
Biotechnology Industry

• Funding comes from a variety of


sources:
– Public (government)
– Private (companies and foundations)
Biotechnology Industry

• Focuses on a variety of research areas


including:
– Health/medicine
– Food science
– Environmental science
– Agriscience
Impact of Biotechnology

• Genetically modified organisms (GMOs)


are consumed by millions of people
(especially Americans) EVERY DAY.
– Almost 56% of all soybean plantings
worldwide are genetically engineered (much
higher in the US)
Pioneers in
Biotechnology
Antony van Leeuwenhoek

• 1675
• Discovers bacteria using a simple
microscope
Gregor Mendel
• 1863
• Austrian monk who
conducted the first
genetics experiments
using pea plants in
the mid 1800s.
• Often considered the
founder of genetics.
Louis Pasteur
• 1870’s
• Disproved the notion of
spontaneous generation
• Bacteria in spoilage and the
scientific basis for
fermentation
• Created the rabies vaccine
Robert Hooke

• 1665
• Invented the compound light microscope
• First to observe cells in cork
James Watson & Francis
Crick
• 1953
• Double helix
structure of DNA
using X-ray
photographs
Paul Berg

• 1972
• Stanford University
scientist who first
developed recombinant
DNA technology
• A method for insertion of
genetic material from one
organism into another.
Historical
Development
of
Biotechnology
1919

• The word “biotechnology” is first used


by a Hungarian agricultural engineer.
1980

• The U.S. Supreme


Court approves
the patenting of
genetically altered
organisms.
1990’s

• First transgenic organisms (GMO’s) are


introduced in widespread agricultural
production, particularly in the area of
crops.
– Bt corn and soybeans are introduced
offering “natural” insect resistance by
bacterium (Baccillus thuringensis)
1997

• Dolly is the first animal cloned from


diploid cells is produced in Scotland
Biotechnology
and
Agriscience

GMO
Common GM Foods
Insulin
The pancreas, among other functions,
produces a crucial hormone called insulin.

•Other transgenic organisms used to


produce insulin today are yeast
(Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and a plant
called safflower (Carthamus tinctorius).

27
Golden Rice
The World Heath Organization
estimates that between 1 and 2
million children die each year from
vitamin A deficiency.
•Golden rice is a genetically
modified food that is fortified with
beta carotene, which the human
body converts into vitamin A.

28
Types of Biotechnology

29
Animal Science

• Increased use of methods of in vitro


fertilization and artificial insemination
improve selected breed programs
Agricultural View
• Milk production
• New horticultural and
ornamental plants
• Wildlife, aquaculture, natural
resources and environmental
management
Medicine
 Therapeutant - product used to
maintain health or prevent
disease
 Biopharmaceuticals – drug or
vaccine developed through
biotechnology
 Called designer drugs
• What has been cloned
Organismal
thus far? Cloning
– Plants have been cloned
for thousands of years!
• Bananas, potatoes, grape
vines (grafting), etc.
• Many trees, shrubs, and
vines are just clonal
colonies.
– Animals

33
Forensic Biotechnology
• Forensic Biotechnology is used
to determine the identity of
certain individuals:
– Criminals
– Disaster victims
– Biological parents

34
GMO: Why do some people avoid
them?
• No long term human feeding studies done
• It kills bugs (we have good bugs in our digestive
tracts)
• Unpredictable side effects of
genetic engineering
• Increased infertility and
miscarriages amongst farm
animals when fed GMO feed
Problems with Biotechnology

• Concerns over the safety


and ethics of
incorporating GMO’s into
food for human
consumption
– Allergens
– Example: The use of
Starlink corn in taco shells
not approved for human
consumption

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