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Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No. 3

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, classes, and inheritance. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts. Abstraction involves capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Classes group objects with similar attributes and behaviors. Inheritance allows a child class to inherit attributes and behaviors from a parent class while also adding its own unique attributes and behaviors. Inheritance promotes reuse of existing classes and reduces redundancy.

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Muhammad Zeeshan
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17 views

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Lecture No. 3

The document discusses object-oriented programming concepts including abstraction, classes, and inheritance. It provides examples to illustrate these concepts. Abstraction involves capturing only relevant details of an object from a given perspective. Classes group objects with similar attributes and behaviors. Inheritance allows a child class to inherit attributes and behaviors from a parent class while also adding its own unique attributes and behaviors. Inheritance promotes reuse of existing classes and reduces redundancy.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Zeeshan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Object-Oriented Programming

(OOP)
Lecture No. 3
Abstraction

► Abstraction is a way to cope with complexity.

► Principle of abstraction:

“Capture only those details about an object


that are relevant to current perspective”
Example – Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS
students

► Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age
Example – Abstraction
Ali is a PhD student and teaches BS
students

► behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk
Example – Abstraction
Student’s Perspective

► Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age
Example – Abstraction
Student’s Perspective

► behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk
Example – Abstraction
Teacher’s Perspective

► Attributes
- Name - Employee ID
- Student Roll No - Designation
- Year of Study - Salary
- CGPA - Age
Example – Abstraction
Teacher’s Perspective

► behaviour
- Study - DevelopExam
- GiveExam - TakeExam
- PlaySports - Eat
- DeliverLecture - Walk
Example – Abstraction
A cat can be viewed with different
perspectives

► Ordinary Perspective ► Surgeon’s Perspective


A pet animal with A being with
 Four Legs  A Skeleton
 A Tail  Heart
 Two Ears  Kidney
 Sharp Teeth  Stomach
Example – Abstraction

Engineer’s View

Driver’s View
Abstraction – Advantages

► Simplifies the model by hiding irrelevant


details

► Abstraction
provides the freedom to defer
implementation decisions by avoiding
commitment to details
Classes

► Inan OO model, some of the objects exhibit


identical characteristics (information
structure and behaviour)

► We say that they belong to the same class


Example – Class
► Ali
studies mathematics
► Anam studies physics
► Sohail studies chemistry

► Each one is a Student


► We say these objects are instances of the
Student class
Example – Class
► Ahsan teaches mathematics
► Aamir teaches computer science
► Atif teaches physics

► Each one is a teacher


► We say these objects are instances of the
Teacher class
Graphical Representation of Classes

(Class Name)
(Class Name)
(attributes)

Suppressed
(operations)
Form

Normal Form
Example – Graphical Representation
of Classes

Circle
center Circle
radius
draw Suppressed
computeArea Form

Normal Form
Example – Graphical Representation
of Classes

Person
name Person
age
gender Suppressed
eat Form
walk

Normal Form
Inheritance

►A child inherits characteristics of its parents

► Besides
inherited characteristics, a child
may have its own unique characteristics
Inheritance in Classes
► If a class B inherits from class A then it
contains all the characteristics (information
structure and behaviour) of class A
► The parent class is called base class and the
child class is called derived class
► Besides inherited characteristics, derived
class may have its own unique
characteristics
Example – Inheritance

Person

Student Doctor
Teacher
Example – Inheritance

Shape

Line Triangle
Circle
Inheritance – “IS A” or
“IS A KIND OF” Relationship

► Eachderived class is a special kind of its


base class
Example – “IS A” Relationship
Person
name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student Teacher Doctor


program designation designation
studyYear salary salary
study teach checkUp
heldExam takeExam prescribe
Example – “IS A” Relationship
Shape
color
coord
draw
rotate
setColor

Circle Triangle
radius Line angle
draw length draw
computeArea draw computeArea
Inheritance – Advantages

► Reuse

► Less redundancy

► Increased maintainability
Reuse with Inheritance
► Main purpose of inheritance is reuse
► We can easily add new classes by inheriting
from existing classes
 Select an existing class closer to the desired
functionality
 Create a new class and inherit it from the
selected class
 Add to and/or modify the inherited functionality
Example Reuse
Shape
color
coord
draw
rotate
setColor

Circle Triangle
radius Line angle
draw length draw
computeArea draw computeArea
Example Reuse
Person
name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student Teacher Doctor


program designation designation
studyYear salary salary
study teach checkUp
heldExam takeExam prescribe
Example Reuse
Person
name
age
gender
eat
walk

Student Teacher Doctor


program designation designation
studyYear salary salary
study teach checkUp
heldExam takeExam prescribe

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