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High Availability and Load Balancing: Realized by

This document discusses high availability and load balancing. It defines high availability as ensuring an application is continuously available without interruption. Solutions for high availability include redundancy, clustering, failover, backup, and disaster recovery. Load balancing improves availability by distributing workloads across multiple servers. It provides benefits like reduced downtime, scalability, and flexibility. Common load balancing algorithms are round robin, least connections, least response time, and hashing methods.

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Mohamed SAADAOUI
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© © All Rights Reserved
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96 views

High Availability and Load Balancing: Realized by

This document discusses high availability and load balancing. It defines high availability as ensuring an application is continuously available without interruption. Solutions for high availability include redundancy, clustering, failover, backup, and disaster recovery. Load balancing improves availability by distributing workloads across multiple servers. It provides benefits like reduced downtime, scalability, and flexibility. Common load balancing algorithms are round robin, least connections, least response time, and hashing methods.

Uploaded by

Mohamed SAADAOUI
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1 1

High availability
and Load Balancing

Realized By :

Ahmed
Abdessalem

Hafedh ben DHIA

Mohamed Saadaoui

Youssef
2 Outline
1- Introduction

2- Definition of High availability

3- Calculate High availability

4- Solutions For High Availability

5 Definition of Load Balancing

--
6 Benefits of Load Balancing

7- Load Balancing algorithms


3 Introduction
4
4 High Availability :
Definition
High availability

• Means that your application will


be available, without interruption.

• Is the ability of a system component to


be continuously operational for a
desirably long length of time. 
5 High Availability :
Definition

The seven Rs of high availability :

1. Redundancy
2. Reputation
3. Reliability
4. Repairability
5. Recoverability
6. Responsiveness
7. Robustness
6
High Availability : Definition

Availability and Single Points of Failure :

WHAT IS SPOF ?
7 High Availability :
Definition

Solutions ?

 Redundancy
 clustering 
8 Advantages and
Disadvantages of Redundancy

 During a failure, a redundant system might provide


poorer availability than a clustering solution.
 The failure of one server component might put an
excessive load on the other server, making this server
respond more slowly to client requests. A slow
response might be considered a failure for clients that
rely on quick response times.
 In other words, the availability of the service, even
though the service is operational, might not meet the
availability requirements of the client.
9 Advantages and
Disadvantages of Clustering

 The main advantage of a clustered solution is


automatic recovery from failure, that is, recovery
without user intervention.
 Disadvantages of clustering are complexity and
inability to recover from database corruption.
10 Redundancy at the
Hardware Level
 Failure at the network level can be mitigated by having
redundant network components. When designing your
deployment, consider having redundant components for
the following:
 Internet connection
 Network interface card
 Network cabling
 Network switches
 Gateways and routers
 You can mitigate the load balancer as an SPOF by
including a redundant load balancer in your
architecture.
11 Redundancy at the
Software Level
 Failure in Directory Server or Directory Proxy Server can
include the following:
 Excessive response time
 Write overload
 Read overload
 Cache issues
 CPU constraints
 Replication issues

 These SPOFs can be mitigated by having redundant instances


of Directory Server and Directory Proxy Server
1
12 2
Availability Percentages and
Corresponding Downtime Values

Availability Approximate Downtime Per


Percentage Year
95% 18 days

99% 4 days

99.9% 9 hours

99.99% 1 hour

99.999% 5 minutes
13 Calculating Availability

 MTBF : Mean Time Between Failure


 MTTR : Mean Time To Repair
14 Increasing Availability
1
15 Sources Of Availability 5

Interruption

 Natural disasters, power outages, or


connectivity outages.
 System and hardware failure.
 Loss of critical data.
 Modification of the current data .
 Breakdown.
 Application and services failures.
 Absence of admin’s system.
16
16 Solutions For High
Availability

Clustering Backup

Disaster Recovery
Solutions

Failover
Load Balancing
17
17 Clustering

A cluster is a set of processes running on


single or multiple computers that share
the same workload.
18 High Availability
Solutions
Active-Active and Active-
Passive
19 Active-ACTIVE System
20
Active-Passive System
21
21 Failover

With a load-balancing mechanism in place, the


instances are redundant. If any of the instances
fail, requests to the failed instance can be sent to
the surviving instances.
22 Backup

A backup should be available to back up


the system at certain intervals and
restore a backup when an
unrepeatable failure occurs.
23 Disaster Recovery

This comprises the information technology


architecture and processes to recover the
technology and/or applications to service in a
location other than your primary processing
location.
24
Load Balancing : Definition

What is load balancing?


25 load balancing diagram
26 Why is load balancing necessary?
27
Benefits of Load Balancing

 Reduced Downtime
 Scalable
 Redundancy
 Flexibility
 Efficiency
 Global Server Load Balancing
28
Seven Layer Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI)

Load balancing can be carried out on different layers


of the OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) reference model :

-Layer 4
-Layer 7
29 Load balancing algorithms

 Round Robin
 Least Connection Method
 Least Response Time Method
 Least Bandwidth Method
 Hashing Methods
 Custom Load Method
30 the best-in-class
load‑balancing solutions

 NGINX-Plus
 NGINX
31

Thank you For Your Attention

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