The greatest invention of all

time

Boiko Ira,10 form

 The wheel was invented by Mesopotamians around 3500 B.C., to be used
Wheel in the creation of pottery. About 300 years after that, the wheel was put on
a chariot and the rest is history. Wheels are ubiquitous in our everyday life,
facilitating our transportation and commerce.

Before the invention of the wheel in 3500 B.C., humans were severely limited in how
much stuff we could transport over land, and how far. Apparently the wheel itself
wasn't the most difficult part of "inventing the wheel." When it came time to connect a
non-moving platform to that rolling cylinder, things got tricky, according to David
Anthony, a professor of anthropology at Hartwick College.

The hard work paid off, big time.

Wheeled carts facilitated agriculture and
commerce by enabling the transportation
of goods to and from markets, as well as
easing the burdens of people traveling Circa 2000 BC, Oxen drawing an
great distances. Now, wheels are vital to ancient Egyptian two-wheeled
our way of life, found in everything from chariot. (Photo by Hulton
Archive/Getty Images)
clocks to vehicles to turbines.

waterwheel
 It's hard to overestimate how important electricity has become to humanity as it

Electricity runs the majority of our gadgetry and shapes our way of life. The invention of the
light bulb, although a separate contribution, attributed to Thomas Edison in
1879, is certainly a major extension of the ability to harness electricity. It has
When all you have is natural light, profoundly changed the way we live, work as well as the look and functioning of
productivity is limited to daylight
our cities.
hours. Light bulbs changed the
world by allowing us to be active at
night. According to historians, two As well as initiating the introduction of electricity in homes throughout the Western
dozen people were instrumental in world, this invention also had a rather unexpected consequence of
inventing incandescent lamps changing people's sleep patterns. Instead of going to bed at nightfall (having
throughout the 1800s; Thomas nothing else to do) and sleeping in segments throughout the night separated by
Edison is credited as the primary periods of wakefulness, we now stay up except for the 7 to 8 hours allotted for
inventor because he created a sleep, and, ideally, we sleep all in one go.
completely functional lighting
system, including a generator and
wiring as well as a carbon-filament
bulb like the one above, in 1879.
Stack, begun by engineers from Tesla and NASA,
developed a smart light bulb using LED technology with a
wide range of functions. It can automatically sense the
ambient lighting and adjust as needed, it turns off and on via
motion sensor when someone enters the room, can be used
as a wake up alert, and even adjusts color throughout the
day to fit with human's natural circadian cycles and patterns
of natural light. The light bulbs also have a built-in learning
program that adapts to inputs given by residents over time.
And all of these functions can be programmed or monitored
from any smart phone or tablet.
 while sometimes controversial, the practice of vaccination is responsible for eradicating
VACCINATION diseases and extending the human lifespan. The first vaccine (for smallpox) was
developed by Edward Jenner in 1796. A rabies vaccine was developed by the French
chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur in 1885, who is credited with making vaccination the
major part of medicine that is it today. Pasteur is also responsible for inventing the food
safety process of pasteurization, that bears his name.

Penicillin
A global search was underway for It's one of the most famous discovery
better penicillin producing strains, with stories in history. In 1928, the Scottish
soil samples being sent to the NRRL scientist Alexander Fleming noticed a
from around the world. Ironically, the bacteria-filled Petri dish in his
most productive strain came from a laboratory with its lid accidentally ajar.
moldy cantaloupe from a Peoria fruit The sample had become contaminated
market. A more productive mutant of with a mold, and everywhere the mold
the so-called cantaloupe strain was was, the bacteria was dead. That
produced with the use of X-rays at the
antibiotic mold turned out to be the
Carnegie Institution. When this strain
fungus Penicillium, and over the next
was exposed to ultraviolet radiation at
the University of Wisconsin, its two decades, chemists purified it and
productivity was increased still further. developed the drug Penicillin, which
fights a huge number of bacterial
infections in humans without harming
Alexander Fleming
the humans themselves.
 Cars completely changed the way we travel, as well as the design of our cities, and

CARS thrust the concept of the assembly line into the mainstream. They were invented in
their modern form in the late 19th century by a number of individuals, with special
credit going to the German Karl Benz for creating what's considered the first practical
Electric cars motorcar in 1885.
Electric cars were available in the middle of the
19th century, but fell out of favor after Henry Ford
developed his Model T, according to the U.S.
Department of Energy. In recent years, electric
cars have made a comeback, though. Over
159,000 electric cars sold in the United States just
in 2016, with more than half of those in California
alone. This technology, like the internal combustion
engine, also has a long history that is difficult to
point to one inventor.
Tesla Motors began development and production on a luxury
all-electric car that would travel more than two hundred miles
on a single charge in 2003 with the first model released in
2008. The Chevrolet Volt, released in 2010, was the first
available plug-in hybrid that used the gasoline engine to Karl Benz (in light suit) on a trip with his
extend the range of the automobile when the battery was family with one of his first cars, which was
depleted. The Nissan LEAF was also released in 2010 and built in 1893 and powered by a single
was more readily available to the public than Tesla's Model cylinder, 3 h.p. engine. His friend Theodor
S. von Liebig is in the Viktoria.
 PERSONAL
COMPUTER
Invented in the 1970s, personal computers greatly expanded human
capabilities. While your smartphone is more powerful, one of the earliest
PCs was introduced in 1974 by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry
Systems (MITS) via a mail-order computer kit called the Altair. From there,
companies like Apple, Microsoft, and IBM have redefined personal
computing.
The first personal computers, introduced in
1975, came as kits: The MITS Altair 8800,
followed by the IMSAI 8080, an Altair clone.
(Yes, cloning has been around that long!)
Both used the Intel 8080 CPU. That was also
the year Zilog created the Z-80 processor Rewind just five years and computers of the
and MOS Technology produced the 6502. Bill time simply do not compare to those of today
Gates and Paul Allen wrote a BASIC – quite simply, they are worlds apart.
compiler for the Altair and formed Micro-soft.
The Modern PC is thinner, lighter, faster! It
ups the ante in every way, from form to
function and all the innovations in between.
Modern PCs are packed with the power to
keep up with — and even surpass — your
most demanding tasks.
 while the worldwide network of computers has been in development since the
THE INTERNET 1960s, when it took the shape of U.S. Defense Department's ARPANET, the
Internet as we know it today is an even more modern invention. 1990s
creation of the World Wide Web by England's Tim Berners-Lee is responsible
for transforming our communication, commerce, entertainment, politics.

What are the advantages of the It really needs no introduction: The global system of interconnected computer
Internet? networks known as the Internet is used by billions of people worldwide.
Countless people helped develop it, but the person most often credited with its
● Information, knowledge, and invention is the computer scientist Lawrence Roberts. In the 1960s, a team of
learning. computer scientists working for the U.S. Defense Department's ARPA
● Connectivity, communication, (Advanced Research Projects Agency) built a communications network to
and sharing. connect the computers in the agency, called ARPANET. It used a method of
● Address, mapping, and data transmission called "packet switching" which Roberts, a member of the
contact information. team, developed based on prior work of other computer scientists. ARPANET
● Banking, bills, and shopping. was the predecessor of the Internet.
● Selling and making money.
● Collaboration, work from
home, and access to a
global workforce.
● Donations and funding.
Entertainment.
 aАlthough he was not the only one working on this kind of tech, Scottish-born inventor
Telephone Alexander Graham Bell got the first patent for an electric telephone in 1876. Certainly,
this instrument has revolutionized our ability to communicate.

Telephone, an instrument
designed for the simultaneous
transmission and reception of
the human voice. The
telephone is inexpensive, is
simple to operate, and offers
its users an immediate,
personal type of
communication that cannot be
obtained through any other
medium. As a result, it has
become the most widely used
telecommunications device in
the world. Billions of Business telephone, c. 2000.
telephones are in use around
Nineteenth-century telephones typically contained a transmitter that had to be in an
the world.
upright position for proper operation, with the receiver located in an attachment that rested
on a hook when not in use. The tall profile of AT&T's desk set, such as the 1897 model
shown here, led many people to call them “candlestick” phones.Nineteenth-century
telephones typically contained a transmitter that had to be in an upright position for proper
operation, with the receiver located in an attachment that rested on a hook when not in
use. The tall profile of AT&T's desk set, such as the 1897 model shown here, led many
people to call them “candlestick” phones.
 AT&T desk telephone with E1A handset,
1928.
The first commercial phone,1877.
AT&T Touch-Tone telephone,
Cordless telephone, 1995. 1968.

Bakelite rotary telephone from the

mid-20th century.