CHAPTER 1

MEASUREMENT
Example 1: Unit Conversion
1) Convert the value of 5 nm to Gm Ans: 5x10-18 Gm

2) Convert 50 Mg to mg Ans: 5x1010 mg

3) Convert 19.30 g/cm3 to kg/m3 Ans: 19300 kg/m3

4) Convert 29.4 m/s to km/h Ans: 105.84 km/h

Example 2: Dimension
1) If the speed, v of an object depends on time t according
to the equation v=At + Bt3 + Ct2
Ans: A = m/s2, B = m/s4, C = m/s3

v  At
L
 AT
T
L 1 L m
A .  2 
T T T s
Example 3: Uncertainty
1) What is the percent uncertainty for the measurement
a) 4.59 m Ans: 0.1%

b) 5.76 ± 0.25 m Ans: 4.3%

c) 9.2 cm + 2.1 x 10-3 cm + 2.341 cm Ans: 0.051%

To find % uncertainty To find uncertainty

9.2  1 (0.1)  0.05

9.2  2
1 (0.1)
 100%  0.5%
2

9 .2

2.110  2
3
 1 (0.1 10 ) 3

 100%  2.3%
3
2.1 10

2.341  2
1 (0.001)
100%  0.021%
2.341
Total  0.5%  2.3%  0.021%  2.821%
 CHAPTER 2
KINEMATIC IN 1D
Example 1: Displacement and Average
velocity
When you normally drive the freeway between KL and Tanjung Malim at an average
speed of 31.94 m/s, the trip takes 1.0 h and 13 min. on a Friday afternoon,
however, heavy traffic slows you down to an average of 22.22 m/s for the same
distance. How much longer does the trip take on Friday than on the other days?

Ans: 32 min
Example 2: Displacement and Average
velocity
Two runners start simultaneously at opposite ends of a 300.0 m track and run
towards each other. Runner A runs at a steady 9.0 m/s and runner B runs at a
constant 7.0 m/s. When and where will these runners meet?
Ans: 169 m
Example 3: Motion with constant
acceleration
A car travelling at 60 m/s down a highway. (a) What magnitude of acceleration
does it need to have to come to a complete stop in a distance of 200 m? (b) What
acceleration does it need to stop in 200 m if it is travelling at 100 m/s?
a) Ans: 9 m/s2
b) Ans: -25 m/s2
Example 4: Motion with constant
acceleration
A car sitting at a red light begins to accelerate at 2 m/s2 when the light turns green.
It continues with this acceleration until it reaches a speed of 20 m/s. It then travels
at this speed for another few minutes. How far does the car travel in the first 30 s
after the light changes to green?

Ans: 500 m
Example 5: Free Fall
A student throws a water balloon vertically downward from the top of a building. The balloon
leaves the thrower’s hand with a speed of 16.0 m/s. (Take upward as +y)
(a) What is its speed after falling freely for 2.90 s? Ans: -44.4 m/s
(b) How far does it fall in 2.90 s? Ans: 87.6 m
(c) What is the magnitude of its velocity after falling 10.4 m? Ans: 21.4 m/s
 CHAPTER 3
KINEMATIC IN 3D
Example 1: Velocity and acceleration in a
plane
At an air show, a jet plane has velocity components vx = 665 km/h and
vy = 420 km/h at time 4.45 s and vx = 848 km/h and vy = 350 km/h at time 7.47 s.
For this time interval, find (a) the x and y components of the plane’s average
acceleration and (b) the magnitude and direction of its average acceleration.

Ans: (a) ax= 16.85 m/s2; ax= -6.56 m/s2

Ans: (b) 18.04 m/s; -21.30
Example 2: Velocity and acceleration in a
plane
A particle start from rest at the origin with an acceleration vector that has
magnitude 4 m/s2 and direction 300 above the positive x-axis. (a) What are the x
and y components of its velocity vector after 20 s later? (b) What is the particle’s
position at that time?

Ans: (a) ax= 16.85 m/s2; ax= -6.56 m/s2

Ans: (b) 18.04 m/s; -21.30
Example 3: Projectile Motion
A football is thrown with an initial upward velocity component of 14.5 m/s and a
horizontal velocity component of 16.5 m/s.
(a) How much time is required for the football to reach the highest point in its
trajectory? Ans: 1.48 s
(b) How high does it get above its release point? Ans: 10.6 m
(c) How much time after it is thrown does it take to return to its original height?
Ans: 2.96 s
(d) How far has the football travelled horizontally from its original position?
Ans: 48.84 m
Example 4: Projectile Motion
A physics book slides off a horizontal tabletop with a speed of 2.0 m/s. It strikes the
floor in 0.350 s. Ignore the air resistance. Find:
(a) the height of the tabletop above the floor, Ans: -0.600 m
(b) the horizontal distance from the edge of the table to the point where the book
strikes the floor, Ans: 0.7 m
(c) the horizontal and vertical components of the book’s velocity,
Ans: vx=2 m/s; vy=-3.43 m/s

(d) the magnitude and direction of its velocity, just before the book reaches the
floor. Ans: v=3.97 m/s; θ=-59.750 below the horizontal
Example 5: Projectile Motion
A rock climber throws a small first aid kit to another climber who is higher up the
mountain. The initial velocity of the kit is 11m/s at an angle of 65 0 above the
horizontal. At the instant when the kit is caught, it is travelling horizontally, so its
vertical speed is zero. What is the vertical height between the two climbers?

Ans: 5.1 m
CHAPTER 4
DYNAMICS
Example 1: Newton’s Second Law
A dock worker applies a constant horizontal force of 76.0 N to a block of ice on a
smooth horizontal floor. The frictionless force is negligible. The block starts from
rest and moves 12.0 m in the first 7.00 s. what is the mass of the block of ice?

Ans: 155.2 Kg
Example 2: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
Two weights are hanging from the ceiling of an elevator. Draw a free-body diagram
for each weight. (a) Find the tension in cables A and B when the elevator is not
moving. (b) Find the tension in cables A and B when the elevator is accelerating
downward at 1.8 m/s2.

1 Kg

3 Kg

Ans: (a) TA = 39.2 N, TB = 29.4 N

Ans: (b) TA = 32.0 N, TB = 24.0 N
Example 3: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
Two boxes are connected by a light string that passes over a light, frictionless
pulley. One box rests on a frictionless ramp that rises at 30.00 above the horizontal
and the system is released from rest. (a) Make free-body of each box. (b) Find the
acceleration of each box. (c) Find the tension of the rope. (d) Which way will the
50.0 Kg box move, clockwise or counterclockwise?

50.0 Kg

30.0 Kg
300

Ans: (b) a = 0.612 m/s2

Ans: (c) T = 275.64 N
Example 4: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
What is the acceleration of the system shown in figure below is the coefficient of
kinetic friction is 0.10? Assume that the block start from rest and that m1= 5.0 Kg.

m1

M2 = 5.00 Kg

Ans: a = 2.1 m/s2

Example 5: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
A hockey puck leaves a player’s stick with a speed of 8.60 m/s and slides 35.0 m
before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction between the puck and ice.

Ans: 0.11
Example 6: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
Label all the forces acting on each mass and also the direction of the acceleration of
the system. If mass A = 0.6 kg and mass B = 0.4 Kg, what is the magnitude of the
tension in the string and the acceleration of the system?

Ans: T = 4.7 N
Ans: a = 2 m/s2

B
Example 7: Application of Newton’s Second
Law
A 5-kg block is connected by means of a massless rope to a 2-kg block through a
frictionless pulley as shown in the figure. The 5-kg block is sliding on the surface at
constant velocity. Using free body diagrams, determine the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the 5-kg block and the surface.
Ans: T = 4.7 N
Ans: a = 2 m/s2
 CHAPTER 5
UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION
Example 2: Unbanked curves
A 1500-Kg car moving on a flat, horizontal road negotiates a curve. If the radius of
the curve is 35.0 m and the coefficient of static friction between the tires and dry
pavement is 0.523, find the maximum speed the car can have and still make the
turn successfully.

Ans: Vmax = 13.4 m/s

Example 3: Newton’s Law of Gravitation
An 8.00 Kg point mass and a 15.0 Kg point mass are held in place 50.0 cm apart in
deep space. They are both released at the same time. Find the magnitude and
direction of the acceleration of each particle the moment after they are released?
Let m1 = 8.00 Kg and m2 = 15.00 Kg

Ans: a1 = 4.00 x 10-9 m/s2

Ans: a2 = 2.13 x 10-9 m/s2
Example 4: Satellite motion
An earth satellite moves in a circular orbit with an orbital speed of 5800 m/s.
a) Find the time of one revolution of the satellite.
b) Find the radial acceleration of the satellite in its orbit.

Ans: T = 1.29 x 104 s

Ans: ac = 2.83 m/s2
Example 5: Motion in vertical motion
A bowling ball weighing 71.2 N is attached to the ceiling by a 4.00 m rope. The ball
is pulled to one side and released; it then swing back and forth like a pendulum. As
the rope swing through its lowest point, the speed of the bowling ball is measured
at 3.90 m/s. At that instant, find:
a) Magnitude and direction of the acceleration of the bowling ball
b) Tension of the rope

Ans: ac = 3.80 m/s2 ; Upward

Ans: T = 99 N
 CHAPTER 6
WORK AND ENERGY
Example 1: Work
An 7.8 Kg package in a mail-sorting room slides 2.50 m down a chute that is
inclined at 58.00 below the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between
the package and the chute’s surface is 0.39. Calculate the work done on the
package by (a) Friction
Ans:
(b) Gravity (a) -47 J
(c) Normal force (b) 148 J
(c) 0
(d) Work done on the package? (d) 101 J
Example 2: Work-Energy Theorem
You throw a 14 N rock into the air from ground level and observe that, when it is
13.0 m high, it is travelling upward at 22.0 m/s. Use the work-energy theorem to
find (a) the rock’s speed just as it left the ground and (b) the maximum height the
rock will reach.
Ans:
(a) 27.2 m/s
(b) 37.7 m
Example 3: Elastic Potential Energy
A force of magnitude 690 N stretches a certain spring by 0.23 m from its
equilibrium position.
(a) What is the force constant of this spring?
(b) How much elastic potential energy is stored in the spring when it is; i) stretched
0.37 m from its equilibrium position and ii) compresses 0.37 m from its equilibrium
position.
c) How much work was done in stretching the spring by the original 0.23 m?

Ans:
(a) 3.00 x 103 N/m
(b) 205 J
(c) 79.4 J
Example 4: Gravitational Potential Energy
A 0.5 kg ball is thrown up into the air with an initial speed of 5 m/s. At what
height does the gravitational potential energy of the ball equal its kinetic energy?

Ans: 1.3 m
Example 5: Power
A tandem (two-person) bicycle team must overcome a force of 165 N to maintain
a speed of 9.00 m/s. Find the power required per rider, assuming that each
contributes equally.

Ans: 745 W
CHAPTER 7
MOMENTUM
Example 1: Momentum
Suppose a small compact car with a mass of 1000 kg is travelling north on Ipoh at
a speed of 15 m/s. At the intersection of Ipoh and UTP, it collides with a truck
with a mass of 2000 kg that is travelling east on UTP at 10 m/s. Treating each
vehicle as particle, find the momentum (magnitude and direction) just before the
collision.
Ans: magnitude: 2.5 x 104 kg. m/s
Direction: 36.9o
Example 2: Momentum
The speed of the fastest-pitched baseball was 45 m/s, and the ball’s mass was 145 g.
(a) What was the magnitude of the momentum of this ball and how many joules of
kinetic energy did it have?
(b) How fast would a 60 g ball have to travel to have the same amount of (i)
momentum and (ii) kinetic energy?

Ans:
(a) P = 6.5 kg. m/s; KE = 1.5 x 102 J
(b) (i) v = 108 m/s (ii) v = 71 m/s
Example 3: Impulse-momentum theorem
The ball has mass 0.40 kg. initially it moves horizontally to the left at 20 m/s, but then
it is kicked and given a velocity with magnitude 30 m/s and direction 45o upward and
to the right. Find the:
(a) components of impulse
(b) magnitude and direction of average force on the ball assuming a collision time
Δt = 0.01 s.

Ans:
(a) Jx = 16.4 kg. m/s; Jy = 8.4 kg. m/s
(b) Fav = 1.8 x 103 N; θ = 270
Example 4: Conservation of momentum
On a frictionless, horizontal air table, puck A (m = 0.250 kg) is moving to the right
towards puck B (m = 0.400 kg) which is initially at rest. After the collision, puck A has
the velocity of 0.120 m/s to the left, and puck B has a velocity of 0.650 m/s to the
right.
(a) What was the speed of puck A before the collision?
(b) Calculate the change in the total kinetic energy of the system that occurs during
the collision.
Ans:
(a) 0.920 m/s
(b) -0.0195 J
Example 6: Elastic collision
The Velcro gliders were equipped with spring bumpers so that the collision will be
elastic. Glider A has mass of 0.50 kg and glider B has mass of 0.30 kg, and each moves
with an initial speed of 2.0 m/s as they approach each other. What are the velocities
of A and B after the collision?

Ans: vAf = -1.0 m/s; vBf = 3.0 m/s

m A  mB 2 mB 2m A m  mA
v Af  v Ai  vBi vBf  v Ai  B vBi
m A  mB m A  mB m A  mB m A  mB
Example 7: Elastic collision
Figure below illustrates an elastic head-on collision between two balls. One ball has a
mass of m1 = 0.250 kg and an initial velocity of +5.00 m/s. The other has a mass of
m2 = 0.800 kg and is initially at rest. No external forces act on the balls. What are the
velocities of the balls after collision?

Ans: v1f = -2.62 m/s; v2f = 2.38 m/s

- +

V2i = 0
V1i = 5.00 m/s
Before collision m1 m2

0.250 kg
0.800 kg

v1f v2f
After collision m1 m2

m A  mB 2m A
v Af  v Ai vBf  v Ai
m A  mB m A  mB
Example 5: Inelastic collision
Suppose we perform a collision experiment using the Velcro-equipped gliders of Fig
shown below. Glider A has a mass of 0.50 kg and glider B has a mass of 0.30 kg; both
move with initial speeds of 2.0 m/s. find the final velocity of the joined gliders, and
compare the initial and final kinetic energies.

Ans:Vfx = 0.50 m/s; KEi = 1.6 J; KEf = 0.10 J