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Formation of Image L

Images are formed when light rays reflect off surfaces. Mirrors, either flat or curved, form images by reflection. Concave mirrors reflect light inward to a focal point, allowing them to focus light, while convex mirrors reflect light outward. Ray diagrams trace the path of light rays to determine the location, size, orientation and type of image formed. Real images occur when light rays intersect to form an image, while virtual images appear where light rays do not actually meet.

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Tel Biscocho
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117 views

Formation of Image L

Images are formed when light rays reflect off surfaces. Mirrors, either flat or curved, form images by reflection. Concave mirrors reflect light inward to a focal point, allowing them to focus light, while convex mirrors reflect light outward. Ray diagrams trace the path of light rays to determine the location, size, orientation and type of image formed. Real images occur when light rays intersect to form an image, while virtual images appear where light rays do not actually meet.

Uploaded by

Tel Biscocho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formation of Images

Objectives:
1.To explain how an image is
formed.
2.To differentiate the types of
images formed by mirrors and
lenses.
3.To identify the practical
applications of mirrors and lenses.
How are images formed?
Images are formed when light strikes a
reflecting surface.

Mirrors
-are reflecting surfaces, usually made
up of polished metal or glass that has
been coated with some metallic
substance.
-can be flat or curved
Basic types of mirror
Plane mirror
–a mirror with flat surface.

Spherical mirror
- Mirror whose reflecting surface is
taken from the surface of a sphere.
Picture that
is formed

image

object

Formation of image in a Source of


mirror incident ray
Images formed by reflection
1.Real images
2. Virtual images

When does real image occur?


-When light rays actually intersect
at the image , making them appear
inverted, or upside down.

When does virtual image occur?


-when light rays do not actually
meet at the image.
Uses of plane mirror
1.Plane mirrors are used as looking glass.
2.Plane mirrors are also used in constructing
periscope which is used in submarines.
3.Plane mirrors are used in solar cookers.
4.Plane mirrors are used to make
kaleidoscope, .
Law of Plane mirror
“ the image is always the same
distance behind the mirror as
the object is in front of the
mirror”
Spherical Mirrors
a.Concave mirror
- mirror that is curved inward
like the hollow inside of a sphere.

b. Convex mirror
- a mirror that is curved outward,
like the outside of a sphere.
Features of concave and convex
mirror
1. Center of curvature (C)
-the center of the circle of
which mirror represents a small
arc.
2. Focus ( F)– the point where
parallel light rays converge.
Located at the inner part of the
circle. One half of the radius.
3. Vertex (V) – the point where the
mirror crosses the principal axis.
4. Principal axis- a line drawn
through the vertex, focus, and
center of curvature of the mirror
upon which the object is rests.
5. Focal length (f) – the distance
from the focus to the vertex of the
mirror.
6. Radius of curvature- the
distance from center of curvature
to the vertex of the mirror;
corresponds to the radius of the
circle.
Concave mirror or converging mirror
A concave mirror, or converging
mirror, has a reflecting surface that
bulges inward (away from the
incident light). Concave mirrors
reflect light inward to one focal
point. They are used to focus light.
Convex mirror or diverging mirror
A convex mirror, or diverging
mirror, is a curved mirror in which
the reflective surface bulges
toward the light source. Convex
mirrors reflect light outwards,
therefore they are not used to
focus light.
Ray Diagramming Involving Mirror

Ray diagram traces the path that


light takes in order for an individual
to view a point on the image of the
object.
Ray Diagrams
- Used for determining
location, size, orientation, and
type of image.
Reflection for concave mirror:
• Any incident ray traveling parallel to
the principal axis on the way to the
mirror will pass through the focal
point upon reflection.(principal ray)
• Any incident ray passing through the
focal point on the way to the mirror
will travel parallel to the principal
axis upon reflection.(focal ray)
Chief Ray – the ray that leaves the
same point on the object and
passes through the curvature C of
the mirror. The ray returns along
the same path after hitting the
reflecting surface.
Images formed by concave mirror
using ray diagram.
1.Draw a horizontal line to represent
the principal axis and a short vertical
line with curved ends to represent the
mirror
2.Mark the positions of F and C on the
principal axis
3. Draw the object, standing upright at
a given position. The distance
between the object and the mirror
is called the object distance.
4. Draw rays with arrow s to indicate
directions from the tip of the object
using the following:
a.A ray parallel to the principal axis
is reflected through the principal
focus.
b.A ray passing through the principal
focus is reflected parallel to the
principal axis
c.A ray passing through the center of
curvature is reflected back along its
own path.
5. Draw the image of the arrow
with its tail on the principal axis.
The distance between the image
and the mirror is called image
distance .

Find out the nature of the image ,


whether the image is real or
virtual, inverted or upright,
enlarged or reduced or same size.
Exercises:
1.A concave spherical mirror has
a focal length of 2 cm. Find the L-
O-S-T for object distances of:
a. 4 cm
b. 2 cm
c. 1 cm
d. 6 cm
Object located at C
Object located beyond the
center of curvature

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