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Active Passive Insufficiency

The document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is unable to shorten further while performing movements across more than one joint, limiting its range of motion. Passive insufficiency is when a multi-joint muscle is excessively lengthened and unable to lengthen further across multiple joints due to its length. The hamstrings and forearm muscles are provided as examples, with active insufficiency limiting knee flexion and passive insufficiency limiting finger movement.

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6K views20 pages

Active Passive Insufficiency

The document discusses active and passive insufficiency in muscles. Active insufficiency occurs when a multi-joint muscle is unable to shorten further while performing movements across more than one joint, limiting its range of motion. Passive insufficiency is when a multi-joint muscle is excessively lengthened and unable to lengthen further across multiple joints due to its length. The hamstrings and forearm muscles are provided as examples, with active insufficiency limiting knee flexion and passive insufficiency limiting finger movement.

Uploaded by

Bhargav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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" ACTIVE INSUFFICIENCY“

* Movement when limited by the


inability of the agonist to actively
shorten is called active
insufficiency.
or
* Muscles passed to over more than
one joint it contract to one joint but
it is impossible for the muscle to
contract a further joint this called
active
insufficiency.
* This occurs when the
muscles is working in
inner range muscles
working in this rang
may be unable to
shorten sufficient to
produce full range of
movement available at
the joint.
e.g
* Consider the range of knee
flexion both actively and passively &
in anatomical position now do active
flexion of one knee; so bringing the
heal towards the back of thigh you
will find that heal does not touch the
thigh but this is not due to back of
the movement at the joint.
* Prove this to your self by reaching
down & taking holed of the foot &
passively pull your heel up bringing
the knee in to further flexor.
* Now the movement is limited by
contract of the self tissue of the calf
& thigh so in this case inability at
hamstring to produce full range of
active knee flexion is caused by
active insufficiency they are
physically unable to shorten any
further.
* The muscle can not go for further
shortening while performing the
activity around the joint which the
muscles crosses agonists.
1.Hamstrings
e.g
* Flexor compartment muscles of the
forearm these muscles responsible for
elbow flexion; MCP flexion, PIP & DIP
flexion.
* If the above said to movements are
done in the same sequence, the perform
feels difficult in flexing the MCP & finger
after flexing the elbow & wrist because the
muscles are already shortened by the
elbow & wrist flexing.
* So, further shortening is difficult this is
called as Active insufficiency.
" PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY "
* If a person's elbow is placed on the table
with the forearm in a vertical position & the
hand is allowed to drop forward in to wrist
flexion the fingers to extend.
* Extension of the fingers is a result of the
insufficient length of the finger extensors that
are being stretched over the flexed wrist.
* The insufficient length is termed passive
insufficiency.
* If the person moves his or her wrist
backwards in to wrist extensor the fingers will
tend to flex.
* Flexion of the fingers is a result of
insufficient length of the finger flexors as they
are streached over extends the wrist.
* Under normal conditions one joint
muscles rarely if ever are of insufficient
length to allow full ROM at the joint.
* Two joint or multi-joint muscles
however frequently are of insufficient
length or extensibility to permit a full ROM
to be produced simultaneously at all joints
crossed by these muscles.
* This passive tension developed in these
stretched muscles is insufficient to either
check further motion of the body lever or
if one segment of the joint not fixed may
actually pull the body lever i n the
direction of the passive muscles pull.
* If the bone is not free to move in the
direction of passive muscles pull damage
to the muscles being stretched occurs.
* Usually; pain will signal a banger point
in stretching & Active contraction of the
muscles will be initiated to protect the
muscles.
* When a multi-joint muscle on one side
of a joint becomes excessively shortened
a multi-joint muscles on the opposite side
of the joint often becomes excessively
lengthened.
* The muscle can not lengthen further
while performing movement around more
than two joints which it crosses, it occurs
in the antagonists.
e.g
* Extensor compartment muscles of the
forearm . These muscles are responsible
for elbow, wrist MCP, PIP & DIP
extension.
* While performing the opposite
movement around these joints in the
given sequence the muscle can not go for
further more lengthening in the MCP, PIP
& DIP .
* This phenomenon is called as passive
insufficiency. If the agonist muscles go
active insufficiency , the antagonist goes
1.Extensor Digitorum
e.g
* At the same time that the finger flexors
are shortened the inactive finger
extensors are being passively stretched
over all of the joint that they cross.
* The extensors are providing a passive
resistance to wrist & finger flexor at the
same time that finger flexors are having
difficulty performing the movement.
* Insufficient length of the extensors is
responsible for pulling the fingers in to
slight extensor when the wrist is flexed
before finger flaxon is attempted.
* The combination of excessive
lengthening of passive muscle &
attempted shortening of active
muscle is theratining to the integrity
of muscles & such positions are not
usually encountered in normal
activities of daily living but they may
be encountered in sports activities.
Active insufficiency and passive
insufficincy occurs in 2 joint muscles. In
active insufficiency when a muscle is
shortened in more than one joint. so the
muscle gets actively insufficient. Where
as in passive insufficiency a muscle gets
lengthened in more than one joint.
For example we can take wrist flexors
and extensors
flex- complete flex of wrist and fingers
leads to passive insufficiecy where
fingers cannot flex completely.(this
active insuff)
ext-same movement as above they are
lenghtened maximally.(passiv insuff)
corrections are welcome
let have a HAMSTRING as an example:
Hamstring mm is a hip extensor and a knee
flexor:
ACTIVE INSUFFICIENCY: is when you contract
the mm to its shortened length meaning
hamstring has its active insufficiency by doing
his movement like extension of the hip at the
same time doing flexion of the knee..FULLY
SHORTENED)

PASSIVE INSUFFICIENCY: is when the mm is in


its fullest lengthened state meaning to make the
hamstring lengthened do hip flexion and knee
extension (FULLY STRETCHED)
REFERENCES:
•Goel’s physiotherapy
•R.N.Goel
•Joint structure & function
•Cynthia C. Norkin
•Textbook of Anatomy
•Inderbir singh
•Fundamentals of Physiotherapy
•Praveen kumar
•Practical Exercise therapy
•Margaret Hollis
•Textbook of therapeutic Exercises
•S. Lakshmi Narayanan
•Therapeutic Exercise
•Carolyn Kisner
•Lyll Allen Colbi

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