Automotive Radar

Overview

 What is radar?
 Principle of radar
 How radar works
 Overview of radar
 Radar detection
 Radar ranging
 Radar functions
 Fmcw radar
 Doppler effect
DETECTION:
INTRODUCTION:
The primary function of radar is to detect whether the target is present or not.
Autonomous driving is one of the major mega-trends in the
DETECTION:

automotive
The primary functionindustry. Improving
of radar is to detect reliability
whether the target is present or and safety of the current
vehicles by enhancing their sensing capabilities
(frequently called active safety) is the first step toward autonomous
driving.

Radar along with LiDAR and vision systems is one of the main
automotive
Sensors.
It’s all about sensor’s
Autonomous vehicles would be impossible without sensors:
They allow the vehicle to see and sense everything on the road, as well as to collect the
information needed in order to drive safely. Furthermore, this information is processed and
to send the appropriate instructions to the controls of the car, such as steering, acceleration,
and braking.
The majority of today’s automotive manufacturers most commonly use the following three
types of sensors in autonomous vehicles: cameras, radars, and lidars.
WHAT IS RADAR?

The word "radar" stands for radio detection and ranging

 Radar is a detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range, angle, or
velocity of objects.

 It can be used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles,
weather formations, and terrain.
• Radar Principle

• The radio-frequency (rf) energy is transmitted

Both light and radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, which means
they're made up of fluctuating patterns of electrical and magnetic energy zapping
through the air.
 Once the radio waves have been generated, an antenna, working as a transmitter,
 The radio waves travel outward from the antenna at the speed of light and keep going
until they hit something.
 Then some of them bounce back toward the antenna in a beam of reflected radio
waves also traveling at the speed of light.
 The antenna doubles up as a radar receiver as well as a transmitter.
 There's one more important piece of equipment in the radar apparatus. It's called a
duplexer and it makes the antenna swap back and forth between being a transmitter
and a receiver.
RANGE : The time delay between
transmission and reception can be
measured and therefore the range can
be measured.
DETECTION:
The primary function of radar is to detect whether the target is present or not. In practice the receiver signal is cor-rupted by
thermal noise and interference. Noise is mostly apparent in regions with a low signal level, such as the weak echo signal
corrupting the desired signal in a radar receiver.

A target is said to be detected, without any difficulties, if the receiver output exceeds the threshold such as at A and B. In
some cases the noise corrupting the signal will sometimes enhance the detection of weak signals. Thus the selection of the
threshold level is a compromise between the probability of a miss and the probability of a false alarm
Radar Functions

PARAMETERS:

1.range(distance of object)

2.velocity(from doppler frequency drift)

3. position of object(direction of object)

“The Doppler effect is observed whenever the source of waves is moving with
respect to an observer.”
Example: Police Siren
Let’s say you are standing on a corner and you hear a police car blaring its siren
driving in your direction. As the siren gets closer to you, it’s pitch will sound
higher than it would if the car sat stationary. As the police car approaches,
passes, and then moves away from your location, the pitch will go from higher
to lower
elevation, distance and
azimuth
AUTOMOTIVE RADAR:
RADAR APPLICATIONS:
SPECIFICATIONS