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Compressor

- Compressors use the polytropic process equation to relate pressure, volume, and temperature changes during compression. The polytropic exponent n depends on the compression process, with n=1.4 for air under isentropic conditions. - Compressor capacity is the volume flow rate at the suction conditions. Volumetric efficiency compares actual to theoretical displacement volume. It depends on clearance volume and pressure ratio. - Compressor power depends on inlet conditions, pressure ratio, and polytropic exponent. Brake power accounts for compressor efficiency. Piston speed equals 2 times stroke times rpm. - Sample problems demonstrate calculating required power given compressor operating parameters, as well as compressor work per unit mass for specified inlet and

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Mark Ariel DC Listana
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472 views

Compressor

- Compressors use the polytropic process equation to relate pressure, volume, and temperature changes during compression. The polytropic exponent n depends on the compression process, with n=1.4 for air under isentropic conditions. - Compressor capacity is the volume flow rate at the suction conditions. Volumetric efficiency compares actual to theoretical displacement volume. It depends on clearance volume and pressure ratio. - Compressor power depends on inlet conditions, pressure ratio, and polytropic exponent. Brake power accounts for compressor efficiency. Piston speed equals 2 times stroke times rpm. - Sample problems demonstrate calculating required power given compressor operating parameters, as well as compressor work per unit mass for specified inlet and

Uploaded by

Mark Ariel DC Listana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMPRESSOR

Compression Process (1-2)


• P1V1n = P2V2n

n  1

• (T2/T1) = (P2/P1) n

n = polytropic exponent
n = k for isentropic process
(k = 1.4 for air)
n = 1 for isothermal process
Piston Displacement, VD (m3/sec)
VD = π/4 D2 LN

where:
D = bore, m
L = stroke, m
N = speed, rev/sec
Capacity of Compressor, V1'

V1' = volume flow at suction = mRT1/P1


Volumetric Efficiency, nv

nv = V1'/VD
Conventional Volumetric Efficiency

nv = 1 + c - c(P2/P1)1/n

c = clearance = Vc/VD
Compressor Work (Power)
W = (nP1V1')/n-1((P2/P1)(n-1)/n -1)

W = (nmRT1)/n-1((P2/P1)(n-1)/n -1)

Where:
P1 = suction pressure, kPa
P2 = discharge pressure, kPa
Brake Power
Brake Power = Compressor Power/Compressor Efficiency
Compressor Power = Brake Power x Compressor Efficiency
Piston Speed
Piston Speed = 2LN, m/sec
Adiabatic Compressor Efficiency, na
na = Isentropic Work/ Actual Fluid Work
Ideal Indicated Power
Ideal Indicated Power = Pmi VD
Pmi = indicated mean effective pressure
Piston Displacement
A. Piston Rod Neglected
VD = 2(π/4)D2LN

B. Piston Rod Considered


VD = (π/4)D2 LN + (π/4)(D2 - d2)LN
Sample Problem
1) A single stage air compressor handles 0.454 m3/sec of
atmospheric pressure, 27oC air, and delivers it to a
receiver at 652.75 kPa. Its volumetric efficiency is 0.72,
its compression efficiency on an isothermal basis is 0.85
and its mechanical efficiency is 0.90. If it rotates at 350
rpm, what power in KW is required to drive it?
Sample Problem
2) Air is compressed in a reversible compressor at an initial
temperature and pressure of 28 deg C and 95 kPa,
respectively. Air leaves the compressor at 650 kPa.
Compute the compressor work per unit mass.
Seatwork
1) The enthalpy of air is increased by 139.586 kJ/kg in a
compressor. The rate of air flow is 16.42 kg/min. The
power input is 48.2 kw. Which of the following values
most nearly equals the heat loss from the compressor in
kw?
2) A cylinder has a bore diameter of 15 cm, stroke of 45 cm
and volumetric compression = 2000 cm3, find the
volumetric efficiency of the engine. N=500 rpm
3) Air enters a reversible compressor steadily and it is
compressed from an inlet temperature and pressure of
25 degrees C and 88 kPa, respectively. Air leaves the
compressor at 850 kPa. Compute the compressor per
unit mass for an isentropic compression, if k is 1.4.

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