Undefined Terms,

Postulates and
Theorems
OBJECTIVES:
L3
1. Illustrate the undefined terms is Geometry.
2. Explain the need for defined terms previously introduced.
3. Differentiate between postulate and theorem, and give the
importance of each.
3 Undefined Terms in
Geometry
1.) Points
2.) Lines
3.) Planes
POINTS
- it can be viewed as
something specific
position but without
dimension, magnitude,
or direction.
Illustrative Examples:
1. Tip of Pen
2. Corner of a bond paper
3. Tip of a hair strand
4. Intersection of two
strings
LINE
- it is a one-dimensional
figure composed of infinite
number of points. It has
unspecified length that
extends indefinitely in two
opposite directions.
Illustrative Examples:
1. A straight string
2. Edge of a bond paper
3. A strand of a hair
4. A straight cable wire
PLANE
- it is usually represented
by a flat surface where
infinite numbers of lines can
lie. It has unspecified length
and width extends
indefinitely in all directions.
Illustrative Examples:
1. A white board
2. Screen of your phone
3. Flooring of a room
4. Wall
DEFINITION
Definition of a Segment
- Segment AB, denoted by
𝐴𝐵 or 𝐵𝐴 is the union of points
A, B, and all the points
between them.
Definition of Collinear and
Coplanar Points
- when points are on the
same line, they are collinear.
- when points are on the
same plane, they are
coplanar.
Definition of Between
- point P is said to be
between A and B if and only if
A, P, and B are distinct points
of the same line, and
AP + PB = AB.
Definition of Ray
- Ray PQ is the union of (a)
𝑃𝑄 and (b) all points R such
that Q is between P and R.
Definition of an Angle
- An angle is the union of two
non-collinear rays with a
common end points.
Definition of Congruent Angles
- Two angles are congruent if
and only if their measures are
equal.
Definition of Acute, Right, and
Obtuse Angles
- ACUTE – greater than 0 but
less than 90.
- RIGHT – exactly 90.
- OBTUSE – greater than 90
but less than 180.
Definition of Polygon
- is the union of three or more
coplanar segments, which
intersects at endpoints.
Definition of Convex Polygon
- a polygon if and only if the
lines containing the sides do
not contain points in its interior.
Definition of Non-convex
Polygon
- if it has at least one of its
sides is contained in a line
then in it non-convex polygon.
Definition of Regular Polygon
- it is a polygon that is both
equilateral and equiangular.
Definition of Triangle
- it is a figure formed by three
segments joining three non-
collinear points.
Definition of Angle Bisector of
a Triangle
- it is segment contained in
the ray, which bisects the
angle of the triangle.
Definition of an Altitude of a
Triangle
- it is the line from the vertex
of the triangle to the line that
contains the opposite sides.
Definition of Median of the
Triangle
- it is the segment from the
vertex of the triangle to the
midpoint of the opposite sides.
Definition of Acute, Right and
Obtuse Triangles
- ACUTE TRIANGLES – all angles in
a triangle are acute.
- RIGHT TRIANGLES – at least one
angle in a triangle is right.
- OBTUSE TRIANGLE – One of the
angle are obtuse.
Definition of Scalene, Isosceles
and Equilateral Triangle
- SCALENE – a triangle with no
congruent sides
- ISOSCELES – a triangle with at
least two congruent sides.
- EQUILATERAL – a triangle with
all sides are congruent.
Definition of Quadrilateral
- it is a four sides polygons.
Definition of Different Quadrilateral
- PARALLELOGRAM – it is a quadrilateral
that has two parallel sides.
- RECTANGLE – Parallelogram with four right
angles.
-SQUARE – a rectangle with four congruent
sides.
- RHOMBUS – a parallelogram with four
congruent sides.
- TRAPEZOID – a quadrilateral with exactly
one pair of parallel side.
Definition of Circle and Their Parts
- CIRCLE – a set of all points in a
plane equidistant to the center.
- RADIUS – it is segment from a
center to a point in a circle.
- CHORD – a segment whose
endpoint lie on the circle.
- DIAMETER – a chord that contain
a center of the circle.
Definition of Space Figures
- CYLINDER – it has circular bases
that are congruent and parallel.
- CONE – it has one circular base
and a vertex.
- SPHERE – it is a set of all point
that are equidistant to the center.
Definition of Adjacent Angles
- are two angles which has a
common vertex and a
common side but no common
interior points.
Definition of Supplementary
Angles
- the sum of two angles are
exactly 180. Each angle is
called supplement to each
other.
Definition of Complementary
Angles
- the sum of two angles are
exactly 90.
Definition of Linear Pairs
- two angles formed linear
pair if and only if
(a)They are adjacent
(b)Their uncommon sides are
opposite rays.
Definition of Vertical Angles
- two angles are vertical
angles if and only if they are
non-adjacent angles formed
by two intersecting lines.
Definition of Perpendicular
- two line are perpendicular
if and only if they intersect to
form right angles.
Definition of Parallel and Skew
Lines
- PARALLEL – coplanar lines
that do not intersect.
- SKEW – non-coplanar lines.
Definition of Transversal
- it is the line that intersects
two or more coplanar lines at
two or more distinct points.
Definition of Angles Formed by Lines a
- ALTERNATE INTERIOR ANGLES – are
two non-adjacent interior angles on
opposite sides of a transversal.
- ALTERNATE EXTERIOR ANGLES – are
two non-adjacent exterior angles on
opposite sides of a transversal.
- CORRESPONDING ANGLES – are two
non- adjacent interior and exterior
angles on the same side of a transversal.
Definition of Congruent
Triangles
- Two triangles are congruent
if their corresponding parts are
congruent.
POSTULATES
AND
THEOREMS
Postulate
- it is a statement
which is accepted as
true without proof.
Example of Postulates
1. Two points determine exactly
one line.
2. If two angles formed a linear
pair, then they are
supplementary.
3. If two distinct planes intersect,
then their intersection is a line.
Theorem
- it is a statement
that can be proven
true.
Example of Theorems
1. Two distinct lines intersect
at one point.
2. Exactly one plane contains
two intersecting lines.
3. Vertical angles are
congruent.
ONE – HALF SHEET OF PAPER
Determined if it is POINTS, LINES or PLANE
1.Screen of an iPad
2.Stretch wire of a phone charger
3.Mole on the human body
4.Tip of a crayon
5.Wall of a room
6.The horizon
7.Corner of a tile
8.Edge of a bond paper
9.Intersection of a wall and a floor
10.Punctuation mark after declarative sentence