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Logarithmic and Exponential Function

Logarithmic functions are inverses of exponential functions. A logarithmic function y = logax is defined such that x = ay. The domain is real numbers greater than zero and the range is real numbers. Logarithmic functions have useful properties like loga1 = 0, logaa = 1, and loga(b/c) = logab - logac. A natural logarithm uses base e and is written as ln(x). Exponential functions rapidly increase or decrease based on the exponent and can model growth or decay processes.

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Ryoshino Antipado
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163 views

Logarithmic and Exponential Function

Logarithmic functions are inverses of exponential functions. A logarithmic function y = logax is defined such that x = ay. The domain is real numbers greater than zero and the range is real numbers. Logarithmic functions have useful properties like loga1 = 0, logaa = 1, and loga(b/c) = logab - logac. A natural logarithm uses base e and is written as ln(x). Exponential functions rapidly increase or decrease based on the exponent and can model growth or decay processes.

Uploaded by

Ryoshino Antipado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Logarithmic and

Exponential Function
Logarithmic Functions

 Logarithmic functions are the inverses of exponential functions.


 The inverse of the exponential function y = ax is x = ay.
 The logarithmic function y = log ax is defined to be equivalent to
the exponential equation x = ay. y = log ax only under the
following conditions: x = ay, a > 0, and a≠1.
Logarithmic Functions

 It is called the logarithmic function with base a.


 Consider what the inverse of the exponential function
means: x = ay. Given a number x and a base a, to what
power y must a be raised to equal x? This unknown exponent, y,
equals log ax. So you see a logarithm is nothing more than an
exponent. By definition, a log ax = x, for every real x > 0.
Figure 1:
Two graphs of y = log ax. On the left, y = log10x, and on the right, y = log x.

The domain of a logarithmic function is real numbers greater than zero,and the
range is real numbers. The graph of y = log ax is symmetrical to the graph of y = ax
with respect to the line y = x. This relationship is true for any function and its
inverse.
Here are some useful properties of logarithms, which all follow from
identities involving exponents and the definition of the logarithm.
Remember a > 0, and x > 0.

Logarithm
loga1 = 0.
log aa = 1.
log a(ax) = x.
A log ax = x.
log a(b c) = log ab + log ac.
log a(b/c ) = log ab - log ac.
log a(x d) = d log ax
Logarithmic Functions
 A natural logarithmic function is a logarithmic function with
base e. f (x) = log ex = ln x, where x > 0. ln x is just a new form of
notation for logarithms with base e. Most calculators have buttons
labeled "log" and "ln".
 The logarithmic function with base 10 is sometimes called the
common logarithmic function. It is used widely because our
numbering system has base ten. Natural logarithms are seen more
often in calculus.
 The first one states this: log ab = . The more famous and
useful formula for changing bases is commonly called the Change
of Base Formula. It allows the base of a logarithmic function to
be changed to any positive real number ≠1. It states that log ax =
Exponential Function
 The exponential function is one of the most important functions in mathematics
(though it would have to admit that the linear function ranks even higher in
importance).
 To form an exponential function, we let the independent variable be the exponent.
A simple example is the function

 As illustrated in the above graph of F, he exponential function increases rapidly.


Exponential functions are solutions to the simplest types of dynamical systems.
For example, an exponential function arises in simple models of bacteria growth
 An exponential function can describe growth or decay. The function g(x)=(1/2)x
is an example of exponential decay.
 It gets rapidly smaller as x increases, as illustrated by its graph.

 In the exponential growth of f(x) ,the function doubles every time


you add one to its input x. In the exponential decay of g(x) , the
function shrinks in half every time you add one to its input x. The
presence of this doubling time or half-life is characteristic of
exponential functions, indicating how fast they grow or decay.

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