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Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid System Analyst Napd

This document discusses different types of decisions and decision making structures within organizations. It outlines three levels of decision making - strategic, tactical, and operational. It also presents a 3x3 grid that categorizes decisions based on their level and structure. The document then provides definitions and descriptions of key concepts related to data warehousing including data marts, ETL processes, OLAP, and real-life examples of Walmart's large data warehouse.

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Quazi Aritra Reyan
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50 views

Engr. Md. Abdur Rashid System Analyst Napd

This document discusses different types of decisions and decision making structures within organizations. It outlines three levels of decision making - strategic, tactical, and operational. It also presents a 3x3 grid that categorizes decisions based on their level and structure. The document then provides definitions and descriptions of key concepts related to data warehousing including data marts, ETL processes, OLAP, and real-life examples of Walmart's large data warehouse.

Uploaded by

Quazi Aritra Reyan
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Engr. Md.

Abdur Rashid
System Analyst
NAPD
[email protected]
Top
executive Executive
Information
Systems

Decision
Middle
Support
Managers Systems

Transaction
Individual
Processing
contributor
Systems

Three levels decision :


1. Strategic decision => Which affect entire organization
2. Tactical decision => Which made by middle manager
3. Operational decision => Which made by lower-level managers
Types of Decisions
• Type of structure - Nature of task
Structured Unstructured

Level of decision making - Scope


Strategic

Managerial

Operational
3 X 3 Decision Type Grid
Category Operational Tactical Strategic
Level
Structured 1 2 3
Semi structured 4 5 6
Unstructured 7 8 9

Structured: where input, procedure,output are ok.


Semi structured: where some of input, procedure,output
are not ok.
Unstructured: where one of input, procedure,output are
present or not.
What is a Data Mart?
• A data mart is a collection of subject areas
organized for decision support based on the needs
of a given department having less inputs.
• Finance has their data mart,
• marketing has theirs,
• sales has theirs and so on.
Data warehouse
• Data warehouse is a repository of an organization's
electronically stored data. Data warehouses are designed
to facilitate reporting and analysis
Steps getting data into data warehouse :
Extraction
Transformation
Cleansing
Loading
Summarization
Data Mart Does Not Equal Data Warehouse

The data warehouse is nothing more than the union of all


the data marts
ETL
• Extract
– The first part of an ETL process involves extracting the
data from the source systems. Most data warehousing
projects consolidate data from different source systems.
Each separate system may also use a different data
organization / format
• Transform
– The transform stage applies to a series of rules or
functions to the extracted data from the source to derive
the data for loading into the end target. Some data
sources will require very little or even no manipulation of
data.
• Load
– The load phase loads the data into the end target, usually
being the data warehouse (DW). Depending on the
requirements of the organization
OLAP
• Online analytical processing, or OLAP is
an approach to quickly answer multi-
dimensional analytical queries.
• OLAP is part of the broader category of
business intelligence
• which also encompasses and data mining.
Real-life ETL cycle
1. Cycle initiation
2. Build reference data
3. Extract (from sources)
4. Validate
5. Transform (clean, apply business rules, check for
data integrity, create aggregates)
6. Stage (load into staging tables - if used)
7. Audit reports (for example, on compliance with
business rules. Also in case of failure - helps to
diagnose/repair).
8. Publish (to target tables)
9. Archive
10.Clean up
Data purging

• Data purging is just deleting the old data


from the tables in the database.\
• Occasionally, it is necessary to remove
large amounts of data from a data
warehouse
Data warehouse items
• Hardware ( Server etc )
• Network
• Software ( Oracle supported)
• Database ( Oracle )
• Strong IT division
Wal-Mart data warehouse
( Famous in the world
www.walmart.com )
• Wal-Mart says its warehouse contains a staggering
43 terabytes of data, which if printed out on 8=-
by-11 sheets of paper and laid end to end would
reach to the moon and back six times. It is larger
than any other commercial data warehouse, and
perhaps second only to the Pentagon's, according
to industry experts.

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