Patterns of

Development in
Writing
 Patterns of Development in
Writing
refer to the particular strategy
writers use to develop ideas
writers choose patterns
based on their purpose
Patterns of Development in Writing
a.Narration
b.Description
c.Definition
d.Exemplification
e.Classification
f. Comparison and Contrast
g.Cause and Effect
h.Problem-Solution
i. Persuasion
j. Process
Narration
 Narration
it tells a story or explains a
sequence of events
it can be fiction or non-fiction
reader may be entertained
and emotionally engaged
The Structure of a Narrative Essay
major narrative events are most often
conveyed in chronological order
stories typically have a beginning,
middle, and an end
certain transitional words and phrases
aid in keeping the reader oriented in
the sequencing of a story
 Transitional words

after/ as soon as at last before

afterwards
currently during eventually meanwhile
next now since soon
finally later still then

until when/whenever while first, second, third

 Other basic components
of a narrative are:
Setting
- The time and location in which
a story takes place.
 Characters
the people who inhabit the
story and move it forward
typically there are minor
characters and main
characters
 Plot
the events as they
unfold in sequence.
 Conflict
the primary problem or obstacle
that unfolds in the plot that the
protagonist must solve or
overcome by the end of the
narrative
 Theme
the ultimate message
the narrative is trying to
express; it can be either
explicit or implicit
 Steps in Writing a
Narrative Paragraph
1.Study your topic and use critical thinking by
asking questions:
Why do I want to write about this event?
What did it mean to me?
Why do I remember it?
What is the most significant thing I want other
people to know about it?
2. Use your main point to guide your writing.
3. List supporting details that establish your
point.
4. Review your list, deleting minor details
and highlighting significant ones.
5. If people speak in your narrative, consider
using dialogue rather than summaries of
conversations.
6. Write a first draft of your paragraph.
7. Read your paragraph aloud and
consider these questions:
Does my paragraph make a clear
point?
Does it tell readers what I want them to
know?
Do I provide sufficient details?
Are there unimportant details that can
be deleted?
Description
 Description
details what something looks like
and its characteristics
the writer uses sensory details such
as sight, sound, smell, taste, feeling,
and texture to create vivid images
in the reader’s mind.
 Varieties of Description
1.Objective Description
- it looks into factual and
scientific characteristics of
what is being described as
objectively as possible
 Example
The Acer barbatum is a small to
medium-sized, deciduous tree usually
ranging from 15-25m. (50-80 ft.) tall
when mature. Its bark is light gray and
smooth on younger trees, becoming
ridged and furrowed with age.
 Example
The Acer barbatum is a small to
medium-sized, deciduous tree usually
ranging from 15-25m. (50-80 ft.) tall
when mature. Its bark is light gray and
smooth on younger trees, becoming
ridged and furrowed with age.
 Subjective Description
a sort of description that the
author normally use to “paint a
picture” of how he sees a
character or how he wants the
reader to see the character
 Example
My mother had hair so dark that
it looked like a waterfall of ink.
She always kept it in a braid that
fell to her slim waist, and always
tied with a plain black band.
 Example
My mother had hair so dark
that it looked like a waterfall of
ink. She always kept it in a braid
that fell to her slim waist, and
always tied with a plain black
band.
Definition
 Definition
it is used in explaining unfamiliar
terms
when you want your readers to
know exactly how you are using
a certain term or an unfamiliar
concept.
Classification
 Classification
 involves combining of
objects or items into
categories
group items into their parts
or types
 Terms that Signal
Classification
aspects, areas, brands,
categories, groups, kinds,
levels, parts, qualities, sorts,
systems, traits, types, forms,
principles
 Transitional Expressions
can be divided
can be classified
can be categorized
the first type
the second type
the third type
Compare and
Contrast
 Compare and Contrast
Comparison
- to see how objects or items
are alike
Contrast
- how things are different
1. Subject-by-Subject Method

you present all of the facts

and supporting details about
one topic, and then you give
all the facts and supporting
details about the other topic.
Subject A: __________________________________________
Point 1:______________________________________________
Point 2:______________________________________________
Point 3:______________________________________________
Point 4:______________________________________________
Subject B:____________________________________________
Point 1:______________________________________________
Point 2:______________________________________________
Point 3:______________________________________________
Point 4:______________________________________________
I.Classical Music
A.Duration
B.Vocal Music
C.Volume
II. Popular Music
A.Duration
B.Vocal Music
C.Volume
 2. Point-by-Point
Arrangement
you discuss each point
for both subjects before
going on to the next
point.
Point 1:___________________________________________________________
Subject A:________________________________________________________
Subject B:________________________________________________________
Point 2:___________________________________________________________
Subject A:________________________________________________________
Subject B:________________________________________________________
Point 3:___________________________________________________________
Subject A:________________________________________________________
Subject B:________________________________________________________
Point 4:___________________________________________________________
Subject A:________________________________________________________
Subject B:________________________________________________________
Comparison Contrast
Like, likewise, alike But, yet, however
Also, both, too Conversely, in contrast
Similarly, similar to Unlike, less than
The same as Different from
So is, are, was, were On the other hand, on
the contrary
Analogous to While, whereas
And, much as Although, opposite
Cause and
Effect
 Cause and Effect
a writing strategy that explains
reasons why things happen or
explains the results of certain
phenomena
it can be used in predicting
future events
 To Show Causes:
The first cause (second, third)
The second cause (second, third)
Yet another factor
Because
Is caused by
results from
To Show Effects
One important effect
Another result
A third outcome
As a result
Consequently
Then, next, therefore, thus so
Problem- Solution
 Problem- Solution
problems are cited at the
beginning and the writer
presents a discussion of his
or her proposed solution/s.
Persuasion
 Persuasion
a writing strategy which involves
presenting a position or standpoint
which is a product of careful research
and supported with valid claims
describes an issue and your position
or opinion on the subject
Process
 Process
explains how something
works or tells how to do
something or how
something is made.
 Process Explanations
the writer’s purpose is simply
to help readers understand a
process, not perform it.
first, next, now, after that,
finally
Process Instructions
The writers purpose is to
give readers the information
they need to perform a task
or activity.
Let’s practice!
 Narration
When I was a child, I spent as
much time during outdoors as was
possible. During the summer
months I wore shoes only to
church. I owned shoes; I just
preferred not to wear them.
 Process
There are basically two ways to make a
web page. The first way is to create the
page(s) offline and then upload them to
your Internet Service Provider (ISP) via FTP.
The second way is to create your web
page(s) online using a Telnet program by
accessing your UNIX account, if you have
one.
 Cause And Effect
When I was in high school, I was a pretty
good student. But then I met Jonathan.
Everything changed after that. My studies
were no longer my main focus, and my
relationship became my reason for living. By
the end of senior year, I was pregnant. I did
not attend my senior prom, and Jonathan
and I were quickly married off by our parents.
 Persuasion
It seems like there has been a surge in teen
pregnancies these days. Teen pregnancies
make it very difficult for young mothers to pursue
their dreams and meet the demands of an
infant. Fortunately, most teen pregnancies can
be easily prevented by using birth control;
however, even birth control is 100% effective. The
most effective way to prevent teen pregnancies
is abstinence, which is 100% effective.
 Compare and Contrast
Linux and Windows are both operating
systems. Computers use them to run
programs. Linux is totally free and open
source, so users can improve or otherwise
modify the source code. Windows is
proprietary, so it costs money to use and
users are prohibited from altering the
source code.
 Classification
Men can be categorized
by the way they treat
women while dating into
three groups: a social
addict, a content lover, or a
 Persuasion
The United States must continue to
welcome new arrivals and help those who
are already here; otherwise, the country will
lose the advantages it has over the
industrialized countries that compete
against us in the global marketplace and
seek to recruit from a vast pool of unskilled
and skilled global workers.
o