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Lesson 4 Reasoning in Geometry

This document discusses different types of reasoning used in geometry: 1. Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on observations or patterns in data. 2. Deductive reasoning involves proving conclusions through a logical series of statements, using properties like definitions, postulates, and previously proven theorems. A deductive proof is presented using the properties of equality. 3. Examples are given of deductive proofs in geometry involving equations and angle congruence, applying the laws of detachment and syllogism. Inductive and deductive reasoning are important skills for understanding and problem solving in geometry.

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Spencer Phay Villaluna
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272 views

Lesson 4 Reasoning in Geometry

This document discusses different types of reasoning used in geometry: 1. Inductive reasoning involves drawing conclusions based on observations or patterns in data. 2. Deductive reasoning involves proving conclusions through a logical series of statements, using properties like definitions, postulates, and previously proven theorems. A deductive proof is presented using the properties of equality. 3. Examples are given of deductive proofs in geometry involving equations and angle congruence, applying the laws of detachment and syllogism. Inductive and deductive reasoning are important skills for understanding and problem solving in geometry.

Uploaded by

Spencer Phay Villaluna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reasoning in

Geometry
OBJECTIVES:
• Distinguish between inductive and deductive reasoning
• Write formal arguments as a series of statements that
make up a proof.
What is
Geometry?
What is the use
of Geometry as a
students?
4 Reasoning in Geometry
1.Intuition
2.Analogy
3.Induction
4.Deductive
Intuition (Scientific guessing)
- a type of cognition which could
be an idea, a model or system of
belief that supports drawing of
conclusion in an incomplete
information or knowledge based on
one’s feeling rather than facts.
Example/s:
1. Lisa waited for Jennie, Rose and
Jisoo in the basement. When they
came one after another, wet and
having umbrella, she concluded that
“ It was raining outside”.
Analogy
- it is a form of reasoning in which
two or more things are inferred
similar in some respects in the basis
of established similarity between
this things.
Example/s:
2. House : People ; Nest : Bird

3. Chanyeol : Exo ; Jungkook : _____

4. Gloves : ______ ; Shoes : Feet


Induction
- it is a process of drawing
conclusion based on set of
observation.
Example/s:
5. Observe and investigate the pairs
of diagonals in the four rectangles
M
below. E
C H
I
J
Y O
N A
S U
L N
O H
Deduction
- is process of proving stated facts
using logical valid steps to arrived at
a conclusion.
- it can be written in paragraph
form or two-column form.
Properties of Equality

1. Reflexive Property of Equality (RPE)


- For every real number x, x = x.

Examples:
a. 7 = 7 b. 4 + 3 = 4 + 3
Properties of Equality

2. Symmetric Property of Equality(SymPE)


- For every real number x and y,
if x = y, then y = x.

Examples:
a. If 2 + 3 = 5, then 5 = 2 + 3
Properties of Equality

3. Transitive Property of Equality (TPE)


- For every real number x, y and z,
if x = y and y = z, then x = z.

Examples:
a. If 2 + 5 = 7 and 7 = 3 + 4, then 2 + 5 = 3 +4
Properties of Equality

4. Addition Property of Equality (APE)


- For every real number x, y and z,
if x = y, then x + z = y + z

Examples:
a. If 5 = 2 + 3, then 5 + 6 = ( 2 + 3 ) + 6
Properties of Equality

5. Subtraction Property of Equality (SPE)


- For every real number x, y and z,
if x = y, then x – z = y – z.

Examples:
a. If 7 = 4 + 3, then 7 – 2 = (4 + 3) – 2
Properties of Equality

6. Multiplication Property of Equality


- For every real number x, y and z,
If x = y, then xz = yz

Examples:
a. If 8 = 3 + 5, then 2(8) = 2(3 + 5)
Properties of Equality

7. Substitution Property of Equality(SubsPE)


- For every real number x and y, then x
and y may be substituted for each other
in any equation.
Examples:
a. 2x + 4y = 12
Properties of Equality

8. Distributive Property
- For every real number x, y and z.
x (y + z) = xy + xz

Examples:
a. 2(5 + 6) = 2(5) + 2(6)
Important Law in Deductive Reasoning

1. Law of Detachment or Modus Ponens


- If a conditional statements is true and
its hypothesis is true, then its conclusion
is true.
Examples:
a. Statement 1: If the measure of an angle
is 90, then it is a right angle.
Statement 2: The measure of ∠ABC is 90
Conclusion: ∠ABC is a right angle.
Examples:
b. Statement 1: If the sum of two angles is
90, then the angles are
complimentary.
Statement 2: m ∠1 + m ∠2 = 90
Conclusion: ∠1 and ∠2 are
complimentary.
Examples:
c. Statement 1: If the number is a whole
number, then it is an integer.
Statement 2: Number 7 is a whole
number.
Conclusion: 𝟕 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒏 𝒊𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒈𝒆𝒓.
Important Law in Deductive Reasoning

2. Law of Syllogism or Chain Rule


- If p implies q and q implies r, then p
implies r.
- similar to transitive property of
equality.
Examples:
a. Statement 1: If a figure is a square,
then it is rectangle.
Statement 2: If a figure is a rectangle,
then it has four right angles.
Conclusion: 𝑰𝒇 𝒂 𝒇𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒓𝒆,
then it has four right angles.
Examples:
b. Statement 1: If a student named Gian,
then he is at St. Paul class.
Statement 2: If he is at St. Paul class,
then he’s the class president.
Conclusion: If a student named Gian,
then he’s the class president.
Deductive Reasoning in Algebra and Geometry
EXAMPLES:
1. If 2x + 5 = 17, then x = 6.
Given: 2x + 5 = 17
Prove : x = 6
2. If ∠𝟏 and ∠2 are both right angles, then
they are congruent.
Given: ∠𝟏 is a right angle Prove: ∠𝟏 ≅ ∠𝟐
∠𝟐 is a right angle
If 2x + 5 = 17, then x = 6.
Given: 2x + 5 = 17
Proof : Prove : x = 6
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. 2𝑥 + 5 = 17 1. Given
2. 2𝑥 = 12 2. SPE
3. 𝑥 = 6 3. MPE
If ∠𝟏 and ∠2 are both right angles, then they are congruent.
Given: ∠𝟏 is a right angle Prove: ∠𝟏 ≅ ∠𝟐
∠𝟐 is a right angle
Proof :
STATEMENTS REASONS

1. ∠𝟏 is a right angle
1. Given
∠𝟐 is a right angle
2. m∠𝟏 = 𝟗𝟎
2. Definition of right angle
m∠𝟐 = 𝟗𝟎

3. m∠𝟏 = 𝒎∠2 3. TPE

4. ∠𝟏 ≅ ∠𝟐 4. Definition of Congruent Angles


Seat work: 1 whole sheet of paper

Page 286 – 287 Written Math B


13 - 16 (copy and answer)
“ Do you know why
God creates
Mathematics? Know
why you’re alive
first.”

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