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Zener Diode As A Voltage Regulator

The document discusses the use of Zener diodes as voltage regulators. It describes that Zener diodes allow current to flow in the reverse direction above a certain breakdown voltage known as the Zener voltage. A circuit diagram shows a Zener diode maintaining a constant output voltage even as the input voltage varies. The characteristics of Zener diodes like types, applications, and I-V characteristics are explained.

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UDIT TANWAR
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370 views

Zener Diode As A Voltage Regulator

The document discusses the use of Zener diodes as voltage regulators. It describes that Zener diodes allow current to flow in the reverse direction above a certain breakdown voltage known as the Zener voltage. A circuit diagram shows a Zener diode maintaining a constant output voltage even as the input voltage varies. The characteristics of Zener diodes like types, applications, and I-V characteristics are explained.

Uploaded by

UDIT TANWAR
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTED BY,

TO,
SANJAY(K12336), SABIHA(k12783),
RAVINDRA MEENA
ROHIT(k)
SIR
IInd Sem , 1st Year, Section A
HOD Ist YEAR
A-3 Batch

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Introduction to Zener Diode

Types of Zener Diodes

Applications of Zener diode

Zener Diode As a Voltage Regulator

Circuit Diagram

I-V Characterstics of Zener Diode

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 Zener diodes are a special kind of diode which permits
current to flow in the forward direction.

 It is different from others diodes Zener diodes will also allow


current to flow in the reverse direction when the voltage is
above a certain value.

 This breakdown voltage is known as the Zener voltage.

 Zener diodes are designed in a way where the Zener


voltage is a much lower value.

 There is a controlled breakdown which does not damage the


Career
diode when a reverse current above the Zener Point Cares
voltage
passes through a Zener diode.
There are many different kinds of Zener diodes :

 The most common types categorized by power dissipation,


nominal working voltage, forward (drive) current, forward
voltage, packaging type and maximum reverse current.
 The parametric filters on our website can help refine your
search results depending on the required specifications.
 The most common values for nominal working voltage are 5.1
V, 5.6 V, 6.2 V, 12 V and 15 V.
 We also carry Zener diodes with nominal working voltage up
to 1 kV.
 Forward (drive) current can have a range from 200 uA to 200
A, with the most common forward (drive) current being 10 mA
or 200 mA.
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Zener diodes can be found in several applications. Some of these
are:

 voltage stabilizers or regulators (in shunt mode), surge


suppressors for device protection, peak clippers, switching
operations, reference elements and in meter protection
applications.

 The constant reverse voltage of a Zener diode renders it a very


useful component in regulating the output voltage against
variations in the load resistance or variations in the input
voltage from an unregulated power supply.

 The current through the Zener diode will change in order to


keep the voltage within the threshold limits of Career Point Cares
Zener action and
 ZENER DIODE

 RESISTORS

 INPUT VOLTAGE SOURCE

 REHOSTATE (VARIABLE RESISTOR)

 LOAD RESISTANCE

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Suppose we have an unstable 12 Volt supply voltage and need a stable output of 8 Volts to
power a 100mA device. 12 volts is sufficiently above 8 volts to ensure that any ripples in the
supply will not take us below our target voltage.
Than Since we need 8 Volts we can choose between a 7.5V or an 8.2V zener diode. 8.2V is close
enough to our target voltage so we choose a zener diode with an 8.2 Volt zener voltage.

Zener diodes are available in a range of difference power ratings. If a large current flows
through a small zener diode it will be destroyed, therefore we calculate the power to be lost
in the diode and select a diode rated above that value. Here the zener power rating is equal
to the zener voltage multiplied by the maximum current (Imax) calculated above which
equals 8.2 * 0.110 = 0.9 Watts. Therefore a 1.3 Watt power rated zener diode should be
perfect.

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The voltage dropped across the resistor is equal to the difference between the source voltage
and the zener voltage = 12-8 = 4 Volts, and therefore the resistance according to Ohm's Law is
the voltage drop divided by Imax = 4/0.110 = 36 Ohms so choose a 39 Ohm resisitor.
If the source voltage is likely to be much over the 12 Volts stated then the voltage dropped
across the resisitor will be larger and so a resistor with a larger resistance may be required.

The power dissipated in the resistor is equal to the voltage drop across the resistor
multiplied by Imax. Therefore in this example power = 4 * 0.110 = 0.440 Watts. Using
a 0.5 Watt resistor would be cutting it a bit fine - particularly if the source voltage is
going to fluctuate higher regularly, therefore a 1 or 2 Watt rated resisitor should be
used here despite it costing a few pennies extra.

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When the input d.c voltage across zener diode increases
beyond a certain limit (i.e. zener breakdown voltage), the
current through the circuit rises sharply,causing a sufficient
increases in the voltage drop across the dropping resistor R.
As a result of it, the voltage across the zener diode remains
constant and hence the output voltage lowers back to normal
value.

When the input d.c. voltage across zener diode decreases, the
current through the circuit goes down sharply causing sufficient
decrease in the voltage across the dropping resistor . As a
result of it, the voltage across the zener diode remains
constant and hence the output voltage is raised Career Point Cares
to normal.
R

+ CONSTANT
+
N R (load) OUTPUT

-
FLUCTUATING
D.C. INPUT VOLTAGE VOLTAGE
P

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Hence with the help above given facts and the simulation on proteous
software correctly it is clear that above circuit for working of zener
diode as a voltage regulator is fully correct and is working properly. So
now when we noted the the reading of voltmeter which is being
connected parallel to our load resistance we got the constant reading
of voltage. So our zener diode is now truly works as a voltage
regulator.

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