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Understanding The Self: Chapter 1 Lesson 4

Lesson 4 provided an overview of three major Eastern thoughts: 1. Confucianism focuses on self-cultivation and proper social relationships and ethics, seeing the ideal person as contributing to social harmony. 2. Taoism rejects Confucian strictness and hierarchy, believing in living freely and spontaneously in harmony with nature and change. 3. Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion that causes suffering, and the goal is to forget cravings and attachments to reach the state of Nirvana and perfect peace.

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2K views

Understanding The Self: Chapter 1 Lesson 4

Lesson 4 provided an overview of three major Eastern thoughts: 1. Confucianism focuses on self-cultivation and proper social relationships and ethics, seeing the ideal person as contributing to social harmony. 2. Taoism rejects Confucian strictness and hierarchy, believing in living freely and spontaneously in harmony with nature and change. 3. Buddhism teaches that the self is an illusion that causes suffering, and the goal is to forget cravings and attachments to reach the state of Nirvana and perfect peace.

Uploaded by

Lemon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 4:

Presented by: Siladan, Jhona V.


BSMA 1-6
Northern America

ASIA

Eastern
Western

Europe
TAKE A GUESS

Confucianism
Eastern Thoughts

01 Confucianism
Confucius
China’s most famous teacher,
philosopher, and political
theorist, whose ideas have
influenced the civilization of
East Asia.
01
characterized as a system of social and
ethical philosophy rather than a religion.

Code of Ethical Conduct


- How one should properly act according
to their relationship with other people.

- Focuses on having a harmonious life.


Self-cultivation as the ultimate
purpose of life.
Characteristics of Chun-tzu is still
embedded in man’s social
relationships.
Chun-tzu
- Primarily described as the ideal man
of society

- Must have the principle of “sageliness


within; kingliness without."
“Subdued self”
- Personal needs are repressed for
the good of many.

- Confucian society is hierarchal


TAKE A GUESS

Taoism
Eastern Thoughts

02 Taoism
Laozi/ Lao-Tzu

A Chinese philosopher
credited with founding
the philosophical
system of Taoism.
02
Living the way of the Tao or Universe

Rejects the hierarchy and strictness of


Confucianism.
No definite meaning of Tao and can only state
clues of it’s definition as humans adopt a free-
flowing, relative, unitary and paradoxical view of
everything.
Self is selflessness. It is living a balanced life with
society, nature, being open and accepting to
change, forgetting about prejudices and thinking of
equality on humans and other beings.
“Self is not just an extension of
the family or the community;
self is part of universe.”

- Act spontaneously because a man is not


restricted by some legalistic standards but
because he is in harmony with everything.
TAKE A GUESS

Buddhism
Eastern Thoughts

03 Buddhism
Siddharta Gautama/
Gautama Buddha

The founder of Buddhism who later


became known as “the Buddha,”
lived during the 5th century B.C.
03 Buddhism
 Buddhism one of the major world religions. Its practice has
historically been most prominent in East and Southeast
Asia.
 Quest to forget about the self, forget the cravings of the self,
break the attachments you have with the world and to renounce
self which is the cause of suffering and in doing so, attain the
state of Nirvana.

Nirvana
- place of perfect peace and happiness, like heaven
“Self is seen as an illusion,
born out of ignorance of
trying to hold and control
things or human-centered
needs.”
How the self should work?
Confucianism and Buddhism
Taoism
“ To become a better “Self, with all its
person, one does not connections and
create a self above selfish ideas is not
other people or nature taken just out of the
but a self that is center of the picture
beneficial to his but from the whole
community as well as picture entirely.”
in order and harmony
with everything else.”
 The focus is always looking
towards the self.

 Compare self in order to be


better

 Looks the world in dualities.


- a person is distinct from the
other person.

- Creator is separated from


the object he created.
Individualistic culture – focus
is on the person.

Straightforward and forceful in


their communication and
decision making.

Emphasize more on the value


of equality
- “fair” competition
 Sees other person as part of self
as well as the things he may
create.

 Collectivistic culture – group and


social relations are more
important than individual needs
and wants.

 Make a people feel what they


really want to say. Tend to go
around the bush.

 Put emphasis on hierarchy to


keep things in order and
harmony.
“ No meaning of self that is
independent of our relation to others.
The self is irreducibly social.”
- Julian Baggini, What is Self? It
Depends 2016 (New York Times)
THANK YOU!!!

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