HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS AND DISASTER
Hyrdometeorological hazard
Is a “process or phenomenom of
atmospheric, hydrological or
oceanographic nature that may cause life,
injury or other health impacts, property
damage, loss of livelihood and services,
social and economic disruption, or
environmental damage (UNISDR, 2007)
Example:
Tropical Cyclones;
Thunderstorm;
Tornados;
Storm surges;
Floods; and
Drought/El Nino
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
The El Nino and La Nina Phenomena
El Nino: is associated with having NO
rain, hence fear of drought and
consequently dried-up fields and low-
water level in dams and reservoir for
domestic, agricultural, and industrial
use.
La Nina: is associated heavy rainfall and
hazard such as flood
El Nino: is associated with the warming of
the central and eastern tropical pacific.
La Nina: its associated sustained cooling
of these same areas.
Changes in Pacific Ocean occur in a cycle
known as El Nino-Southern Oscillation
(ENSO)
During ENSO: ocean temperature become
warmer than usual or cooler than usual at
different location
Diagnostic and statistical studies
on general influences of ENSO on Philippine climate
2015-2016
El Niño La Niña
• extended dry season • short dry season
• early end of rainy season • early onset of rainy season
• weak monsoon activity • strong monsoon activity
• less number of tropical cyclones • more number of tropical cyclones
• above normal sea level pressure • below normal sea level pressure
• above normal air temperatures
drier weather conditions wetter weather conditions
Philippine EL NIÑO
• Strengthen at end of year 2015, and last until
March-April–May 2016 season;
• The 2015-16 El Niño event is among the four
strongest since 1950 (1972-73, 1982-83,1997-98).
- Press Release, World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 01 September 2015
DRY SPELL &
DROUGHT OUTLOOK of the
PHILIPINES
(OCTOBER 2015 – APRIL 2016)
Updated:
Sept. 30, 2015
OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES
END OF OCTOBER 2015
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY
CONDITION
LUZON (20) ABRA, BENGUET,IFUGAO,KALINGA,MOUNTAIN
PROVINCE
ILOCOS NORTE,ILOCOS SUR,LA UNION,BATANES
CAGAYAN,,NUEVA VIZCAYA,PAMPANGA
BATANGAS,LAGUNA,RIZAL,OCCIDENTAL MINDORO
ORIENTAL MINDORO,ROMBLON,ALBAY
MASBATE,
VISAYAS
(3) AKLAN,GUIMARAS, ILOILO
MINDANAO none
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL
LUZON (5) BATAAN, TARLAC, ZAMBALES, CAVITE,,SORSOGON
VISAYAS (2) ANTIQUE,SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR)
MINDANAO (3) COMPOSTELA VALLEY,SARANGANI,,MAGUINDANAO
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT
LUZON (5) ISABELA, QUIRINO, AURORA, QUEZON,CAMARINES
NORTE
VISAYAS none
MINDANAO (1) DAVAO ORIENTAL
20% of the country will likely experience
DRY SPELL/DROUGHT by end of October
2015
JANUARY 2016
The persistent rainfall deficiency is
predicted to translate to increased
number of provinces affected by
drought
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION
MINDANAO (4) Davao Provinces, Compostela Valley
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY
SPELL
LUZON (3) Apayao, Ilocos Norte, Cagayan
VISAYAS (3) Bohol, Siquijor, Western Samar
MINDANAO (7) Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Oriental,
North/South Cotabato, Lanao del Sur,
Sarangani
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE
DROUGHT
LUZON (35) Abra, Benguet, Ifugao, Kalinga, Mountain
Province, Ilocos Sur, La Union,
Pangasinan, Isabela, Quirino, N. Vizcaya,
Bataan, Bulacan, N. Ecija, Pampanga,
Zambales, Aurora, Tarlac, NCR,
CALABARZON Provinces, MIMAROPA
Provinces, BICOL Provinces
VISAYAS (12) Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo,
Negros Provinces, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte
Provinces, Eastern Samar, Northern
Samar
MINDANAO (10) Zamboanga Provinces, Lanao del Norte,
OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES
END OF FEBRUARY 2016
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY CONDITION
MINDANAO (1) SURIGAO DEL NORTE
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL
LUZON (2) BENGUET, CAGAYAN
MINDANAO (4) BUKIDNON, DAVAO DEL SUR, NORTH COTABATO,
LANAO DEL SUR
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT
LUZON (34) ABRA, KALINGA, APAYAO, ILOCOS NORTE, ILOCOS
SUR, LA UNION, PANGASINAN, ISABELA, NUEVA
VIZCAYA, QUIRINO,
BATAAN, BULACAN, NUEVA ECIJA, PAMPANGA,
TARLAC, ZAMBALES, AURORA, METRO MANILA,
BATANGAS, CAVITE, LAGUNA, RIZAL, QUEZON,
MARINDUQUE, OCCIDENTAL MINDORO, ORIENTAL
MINDORO, ROMBLON, PALAWAN, ALBAY, CAMARINES
NORTE, CAMARINES SUR, CATANDUANES, MASBATE,
SORSOGON
VISAYAS (16) AKLAN, ANTIQUE, CAPIZ, GUIMARAS, ILOILO,
NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, NEGROS ORIENTAL,
BOHOL, CEBU, SIQUIJOR BILIRAN, EASTERN
SAMAR, LEYTE, NORTHERN SAMAR, SAMAR
(WESTERN SAMAR), SOUTHERN LEYTE
MINDANAO ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR,
(15) ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY, CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL NORTE,
MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, DAVAO
ORIENTAL, SOUTH COTABATO, SARANGANI, SULTAN
KUDARAT, BASILAN, MAGUINDANAO, SULU, TAWI-
TAWI
80% of the country will likely
experience DROUGHT by end of Feb.
OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES
BY END OF MARCH 2016
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT
LUZON (38) ABRA, BENGUET, IFUGAO, KALINGA,
APAYAO,MOUNTAIN PROVINCE,ILOCOS
NORTE,ILOCOS SUR,LA UNION,
PANGASINAN,BATANES,CAGAYAN,ISABELA,QUIRINO
BATAAN,BULACAN,NUEVA ECIJA,PAMPANGA,TARLAC
ZAMBALES, AURORA, METRO MANILA,BATANGAS,
CAVITE, LAGUNA, RIZAL,QUEZON,MARINDUQUE,
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO,ORIENTAL MINDORO,
ROMBLON,PALAWAN,ALBAY,CAMARINES NORTE,
CAMARINES SUR,CATANDUANES,
MASBATE,SORSOGON
* NUEVA VISCAYA - WILL LIKELY EXPERIENCE
DROUGHT UNTIL FEB 2016
VISAYAS AKLAN,ANTIQUE,CAPIZ,GUIMARAS,ILOILO,NEGROS
(15) OCCIDENTAL, BOHOL,CEBU,NEGROS
ORIENTAL, SIQUIJOR,
BILIRAN,LEYTE,NORTHERN SAMAR,SAMAR
(WESTERN SAMAR),SOUTHERN LEYTE
MINDANAO ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE, ZAMBOANGA DEL SUR,
(15) ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY,CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL
NORTE,MISAMIS OCCIDENTAL,SOUTH
COTABATO,NORTH COTABATO, SARANGANI,SULTAN
KUDARAT,BASILAN, MAGUINDANAO,LANAO DEL
SUR, SULU, TAWI-TAWI
85% of the country will likely
experience DROUGHT by end of March
2016
OVER DIFFERENT PROVINCES
END OF APRIL 2016
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY
CONDITION
MINDANAO BUKIDNON, MISAMIS ORIENTAL, COMPOSTELA
(10) VALLEY
DAVAO, DAVAO DEL SUR, DAVAO ORIENTAL,
AGUSAN DEL NORTE, AGUSAN DEL SUR, SURIGAO
DEL NORTE, SURIGAO DEL SUR
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DRY SPELL
none
PROVINCES LIKELY TO EXPERIENCE DROUGHT
LUZON (37) ABRA, BENGUET, IFUGAO, KALINGA,
APAYAO,MOUNTAIN PROVINCE, ILOCOS NORTE,
ILOCOS SUR, LA UNION, PANGASINAN,BATANES,
CAGAYAN, ISABELA,QUIRINO,
BATAAN,BULACAN, NUEVA ECIJA,
PAMPANGA,TARLAC,
ZAMBALES,AURORA,METRO MANILA,BATANGAS,
CAVITE,LAGUNA,RIZAL,QUEZON,MARINDUQUE,
OCCIDENTAL MINDORO,ORIENTAL MINDORO,
ROMBLON
ALBAY,CAMARINES NORTE,CAMARINES SUR,
CATANDUANES, MASBATE, SORSOGON
VISAYAS AKLAN,ANTIQUE, CAPIZ, GUIMARAS,
(15) ILOILO,NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, BOHOL,
CEBU,NEGROS ORIENTAL,SIQUIJOR,
BILIRAN,LEYTE, NORTHERN SAMAR,
SAMAR (WESTERN SAMAR),SOUTHERN
LEYTE
79% of the country will likely
MINDANAO ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE. ZAMBOANGA DEL
experience
(11)
DROUGHT by end of April
SUR,ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAY,CAMIGUIN, LANAO DEL
Manifestations of ENSO Episodes
ENSO EXTREME EVENTS
(Global) (Droughts, floods, forest/bush fires,
landslides, etc.)
SYNOPTIC
(TC, ITCZ, Highs, Lows,
Monsoons, Trades,
Ocean Currents)
LOCAL CLIMATES
(Precipitation,
Temperature, Pressure,
Humidity, Wind,
Evaporation, Radiation,
etc.) IMPACTS
(Water resources, Agriculture, Health,
Socio-economic, Environment)
Drought:
Is a lack of rainfall for normal needs.
Deficiency of rainfall results:
1. Soil moisture are reduced below the
minimum necessary to sustain plants,
animals, and humans
Drought: Is can be attributed to the EL Nino
phenomenon and green house effect or the
warming of the earth surface.
Drought Impacts
1. Agricultural crops will not grow without
water
2. Animal will die out of thirst
3. As a result of the above, there could be
famine or food insecurity
4. The water supply for domestic and
industrial use will be reduced
5. There would be less livelihood for people
whose jobs are dependent on water supply
6. There would be epidemic and other
health problems due to rise of micro-
organism, poor sanitation, and hunger
7. High temperature can trigger fire
ENSO IMPACTS
Mass Fish Death
This is the Can-asujan irrigation dam in the City of Carcar. Until recently, it
fed rice paddies and vegetable farms in eight barangays. (Contributed
Foto/Rey Campaña)
ENSO IMPACTS
Heatwave (India)
Actions to be taken under hot
weather
conditions
1. When engaged in outdoor work or activities, pay attention to
health conditions. Bring along water and sunscreen.
2. Reduce prolonged exposure under sunlight.
3. Ensure good air ventilation in indoor environment.
4. Beware of health and well being of elderly or persons with
chronic medical conditions.
5. Take extra precautionary measures for possible FIRES
HOW TO PREPARE FOR EL NINO STARTING FROM
COMMUNITY
Agriculture
1.Rehabilitation of irrigation systems
2.Direct assistance to farmers
3.Research and Development
- Cloud seeding
Domestic Water supply
1. Identification and close monitoring of
vulnerable areas
2. Prioritization of projects and calamity funds
Environment
1. Reforestation , Reforestation, Reforestation
Health
2. Monitor water quality
3. Intensive health education/campaign
Information/Education/Communication (IEC)
4. Conduct lectures about El Nino
5. Incorporate in lessons in schools
TROPICAL CYCLONES
TROPICAL CYCLONE:
IS A ROTATING, ORGANIZED SYSTEM OF
CLOUDS AND THUNDERSTORM THAT
ORIGINATES OVER THE TROPICAL WATERS.
TC encompasses:
Tropical Depression;
Tropical Storm;
Typhoons; and
Hurricanes
TC is with minimum sustained wind of
35Km/hour (KPH) and has an eye which 10
to 100 Km in diameter;
Categories of Tropical
Cyclones
CATEGORIES OF TROPICAL CYLONES SPEED OF MAXIMUM SUSTAINED
WINDS
Tropical depression 35-63 KPH
Tropical Storm 64 to 117Kph
Typhoon 117 kph to 180kph
Super typhoon More than 180 kph
TC enters PAR:
5-day forecast track is issued by the
PAGASA every 6 hours at:
5am
11am
5pm
11pm
IN THE PHILIPPINES
Average of 19 TC enter the PAR;
Approximately 9-10 make landfall
Reason: Philippine is located in the western
rim of the Pacific Ocean, where most
tropical cyclone pass.
PUBLIC STORM WARNING
PAGASA- Philippine Atmospheric,
Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration
SIGNAL NUMBER 1
Meaning:
A tropical cyclone will affect the locality.
Winds of 30 up to 60KPH maybe extended
in at least 36 hours
Impact of the Wind:
No damage to very light damage
What TO DO during Signal Number 1
• Listen to the radio for more information
about the weather disturbance.
• Check
the capacity of the house to
withstand strong winds and strengthen the
house if necessary
• The people are advised to listen to the
latest severe Weather Bulletin issued by
PAGASA every six hours. In the meantime,
business maybe carried out as usual except
when flood occurs
SIGNAL NUMBER 2
Meaning:
A moderate tropical cyclone will affect the
locality. Winds of more than 61 KPH to
120KPH maybe extended In at least 24
hours
Impact of Wind:
Light to moderate damage
WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 2
•Special attention should be given to the
latest position, the direction, and speed of
the movement as it may intensify and move
towards locality;
The general public, especially people
•
travelling by the sea and air, are cautioned
to avoid unnecessary risks
• Secure properties before signal are
upgraded;
•Board up windows or put storm shutters in
place and securely fasten;
•Stay at home;
SIGNAL NUMBER 3
Meaning:
A strong tropical cyclone will affect the
locality. Winds of more than 121 to 170
KPH may be extended in at least 18 hours
Impacts of the wind:
Moderate to heavy damage
WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 3
• Keep you radio on and listen to the
latest news about the typhoon;
•Everybody is advised to stay indoors
• People are advised to stay in strong
buildings
• Evacuate from low lying areas
•Stay away from coastal areas and
riverbanks
• Watch out fro the passage of the eye wall
and eye of the typhoon
Signal Number 4
Meaning:
A very intense typhoon will affect the
locality. Winds of 171 to 220 KPH maybe
extended in at least 12 hours
Impacts of the wind:
Heavy to very heavy damage
WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 4
• Stay in a safe house or evacuation center
•The situation is potentially very destructive
to the community
•All travels and outdoor activities should be
cancelled.
•Overall damage to the affected
communities can be very heavy
Signal Number 5
Meaning:
•A very intense typhoon will affect the
locality. Winds of more than 220 KPH maybe
extended in at least 12 hours
Impacts of Wind:
Very heavy to widespread damage
WHAT TO DO DURING SIGNAL NUMBER 5
• Stay in a safe house or evacuation center
•The situation is potentially very destructive
to the community
•All travels and outdoor activities should be
cancelled.
•Overall damage to the affected
communities can be very heavy
WHAT TO DO DURING TC
REGARDLESS OF PSW
BEFORE TROPICAL CYCLONE
•Coordinate with local community or
barangay on safety plan during times of
severe events
•Ensure that your house or building can
withstand strong winds and heavy rains
•
•Discusswith your family, friends,
classmate about typhoon and other
weather disturbances, understand weather
forecasts and how to minimize our risks;
• Recommend trimming and removal of
unstable trees, electric posts, or any
infrastructure that could fall and may
cause damage or injury
•
•Havea survival kit containing battery-
operated radio, flashlight, emergency
cooking equipment, candles, matches and
first aid kit.
•Participate actively in the drills on disaster
response
DURING TROPICAL CYCLONE
•Regularly Monitor official updates of
PAGASA or other reliable sources on the
tropical cyclone
•Stay in a sturdy and stable shelter
•Stay indoors and away from window or
things that may topple over
•Coordinates with the local community on
possible evacuation measures) especially
in low lying area)
•Remain calm and take notice of your
situation
AFTER TROPICAL CYCLONE
•Attend to injuries if needed
•Apply first aid to minor cuts or wounds
•Seek medical assistance at your nearest
clinic or hospital
•Check you immediate vicinity (house,
school, surroundings) for any damages that
can pose a potential hazard to people
around it
AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION
GUIDELINES
Signal No. 1:
No classes in kindergarten
Signal No. 2
NO classes in the Elementary and High
School
Signal No. 3
No classes in ALL LEVELS including tertiary
level
LGU discretion in area where there are no storm
signals
FLOODS
Floods usually affect the low-lying and
coastal areas due to overflowing of water
from lakes, streams, and other bodies of
water. The accumulation of rainwater in
drainages also causes flood, particularly in
the urban areas.
MANMADE CAUSES OF FLOOD
1. Increase urbanization and coastal
development:
• Concreting of roads and land surface
prevent absorption of flood water;
2. Informal settlers:
• Obstructing the normal flow of
floodwaters;
3. Indiscriminate dumping of garbage:
• Clogging of sewers and drainage
4. Deforestation:
• In reduces infiltration capacity of the soil
(erosion, adding more volume of
floodwaters)
5. Failure of levees and dams:
•Large quantities of water are released and
cause flooding
6. Blasting:
•May result to unintentional damming or
rivers and stream
TYPES OF FLOODS
1. River Floods:
Is caused by the overflowing of rivers when
the run-off exceeds by the capacity of
the channels;
2. Flash floods
Is caused by a very short period of
unusually heavy rainfall
3. Coastal Flood:
Occurs when strong onshore winds push the
water inland. He rise of sea level also
causes flooding on low lying coastal areas
PAGASA’s Color Coded Warning Signal for
Flooding
SAFETY TIPS ON WHAT TO DO BEFORE,
DURING , AND AFTER THE FLOODING
BEFORE:
1. Know how often your location is
likely to be flooded and to what
extent;
2. Be familiar with the flood warning
system in your community and be
sure your family knows it
3. Keep informed on the weather
condition.
4. Designed an evacuation area for the family
and livestock and assign family members
specific instruction and responsibilities
according to an evacuation plan;
5. Keep stock food which requires little
cooking and refrigeration as electric power
may be interrupted
6. Keep a transistorized radio and flashlight
with spare batteries, emergency cooking
equipment, candles, matches, and handy
first-aid kit in case of emergency.
7. Securely anchor weak dwellings and items
When Warned of flood
1. Be alert to the possibility of flood, if it
has been raining for several days. Flood
happens as the ground becomes
saturated.
2. Listen to the radio for emergency
instruction
3. If advised to evacuate, do so. Don’t
panic. Move to the safe area before access
is cut off by flood waters.
4. Store drinking water in containers, as
water service may be interrupted.
5. Move household belonging to upper
levels
6. Bring livestock to higher ground;
7. Turn off electricity at the main switch
in the building before evacuating and also
lock your house;
During Flooding:
1. Avoid flooded areas;
2. Do not attempt to cross rivers or
flowing streams where water is above
the knee.
3. Beware of water-covered roads and
bridges
4. Avoid unnecessary exposure to
elements;
5. Do not go swimming or boating in
swollen rivers;
6. Eat only well-cooked food. Protect
leftovers against contamination;
7. Drink clean or preferably boiled water
only
AFTER FLOODING
1. Re-enter the dwelling with caution using
flashlight, lanterns, or torches. There
may be flammables inside;
2. Beware of fire hazards like broken
electric wires
3. Do not eat food and drinks water until
they have been checked for food and
water contamination;
4. Report broken utility lines (electricity,
water, gas, and telephone) to appropriate
authorities
5. Do not turn on the main switch or use
appliances and other equipment until they
have been checked by a competent
electrician
6. Consult health authorities for
immunization requirements
7. Do not go “sightseeing” in disaster areas.
Your presence might hamper rescue and
other emergency operations;
