Hazrat Abu Bakar
Siddique
(Radi Allahu Anhu)
Presentation By:
Muhammad Qasim
Sufyan Ahmed
Shamam Zehra
Personal Information
Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (Radi Allahu Anhu)
Full name Abu Bakr Abdullah ibn Uthman Abu Quhafa
was born in noble family of Quraysh, of tribe (Banu Taym)
Born on 27 October 573 CE Mecca, Hejaz, Arabia
Father: Uthman (Abu Quhafa)
Mother: Salma (Umm al-Khair)
Wives: Qutaylah bint Abd-al-Uzza (did not accept Islam and he
divorced her),Um Ruman (became a Muslim), Asma bint Umais,
Habibah bint Kharijah
Sons: Abdullah ibn Abu Bakr, Abdul-Rahman ibn Abu Bakr,
Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr
Daughters: Asma bint Abu Bakr, Aisha bint Abu Bakr, Umm Khultum
bint Abu Bakr
The First Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate
Early Life
Hazrat Abu Bakar Siddique resided in Makkah and only left for
trade purpose. He was wealthy and respected amongst the
Arabs.
He was also one of the Chiefs and counsellors of the Quraish,
who admired him and held him in high esteem.
When the light of Islam began to flourish , he gave up this life
of comfort and reputation for the love of the truth brought by
the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W)
He was one of the most abstinent men during the period of
ignorance(Jahiliya). He never composed poetry and he
abandoned alcohol due to his willingness to protect his own
honor. This was even before the advent of Islam and its laws.
He was a trader before Islam and traveled to Busra in the land
of Al-Sham for trading. He traveled among many countries. His
capital was forty thousand dirhams, He used to spend his money
generously.
Embrace of Islam
The Prophet (S.A.W) confided Abu Bakr about the new mission,
saying: “O, Abu Bakr, I call you to believe in Allah only with no
partners, and not to worship other than Allah, and to sustain in
obedience for Allah”.
He was the first man to embrace Islam.
It is reported that he did not hesitated to accept Islam upon the
Beloved Messenger of Allah's Invitation; such was his sharp
recognition of truth, and his sincerity in seeking it.
Abu Bakr promised the Prophet to support him, and he did it.
He immediately began to preach Islam to others.
Among the best people who accepted Abu Bakr's invitation to
Islam were: Zubair bin Al-Awam, Uthman bin Affan, Talhah bin
Ubaid Allah, Saád bin Abi Waqqas, and others (may Allah be
pleased with them all).
As the number of Muslims rose to thirty-nine, Abu Bakr (R.A)
asked the Prophet's permission to call the people openly to
Islam.
After persisting in this request, the Prophet (S.A.W) gave his
consent and they all went to the Holy Mosque for preaching.
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) delivered a sermon,
which was the first ever in the annals of Islam. When the
unbelievers from among the Quraish heard it, they fell upon
Abu Bakr and the Muslims from all sides.
Abu Bakr was beaten so severely until he fell unconscious and
was near death.
When he at last regained consciousness, he immediately
enquired: 'How is the Prophet?’ In spite of all his pain and
injuries, his first thought was only for the Prophet, his love for
him was so unbounded that he considered himself with nothing
but the Prophet's well-being.
Migration to Madinah
When the Prophet (S.A.W) and his Companions suffered
immensely from the harm of Quraish, the Prophet (prayers and
peace be upon him) commanded his Companions to migrate to
Madinah.
Abu Bakr prepared to leave for Madinah also, but the Messenger
of God said: "Wait a little while for I hope to be permitted to
migrate as well." Abu Bakr said: Do you expect so? May my
parents be redeemed for you! The Prophet (prayers and peace
be upon him) said: "Yes." So Abu Bakr did not migrate in order
to remain with the messenger of God.
He prepared two camels and fed them well for four months to
use them in their long journey.
The infidels from Quraish have noticed that the Prophet
Muhammad (S.A.W) has got adherents and supporters in another
place, and they have noticed the migration of the Prophet's
Companions.
Fearing the departure of the Prophet (S.A.W) from Makkah,
they planned to kill him. Hence, the angel Gabriel informed
him to leave Makkah.
It was noon, an unusual time for visiting, but the Prophet
(S.A.W) went straight to the house of Abu Bakr who knew at
once that something important had happened.
Aishah and her elder sister Asma were with their father, when
the Prophet came in. "God Has allowed me to leave the city and
to emigrate," he said. "Together with me?" Abu Bakr asked. The
Prophet (S.A.W) answered: "Together with you."
Then Abu Bakr Asked the Prophet to take one of the prepared
camels, the Prophet (prayers and peace be upon him) agreed
but with payment.
The Messenger of Allah and Abu Bakr had employed a man
named Abdullah Bin Oraiqet, to be their guide, he was an
infidel, but they trust him and gave him their two camels and
took his promise to bring the camels to the Cave at mount
Thaur (south Makkah) after three nights. They met on time, and
the guide led the way beside the sea. Once the infidels from
Quraish have perceived the Prophet's migration from Makkah,
they offered one hundred camels to the one who can bring him
back.
Abu Bakr said: 'I was with the Prophet (prayers and peace be
upon him) in the Cave and when I raised my head I saw the feet
of the people (he means the infidels), I said: 'O Messenger of
God, if any of them should look under his feet, he would see
us.' The Prophet (prayers and peace be upon him) Said: "O Abu
Bakr! What do you think of two persons the third of them is
Allah?"
The incident is described in the Glorious Qur'an as follows:
(( If you help him [Prophet Muhammad] not [it does not
matter], for Allah did indeed help him when the
disbelievers drove him out, the second of the two; when
they were in the cave, he said to his companion: "Be not
sad, surely Allah is with us." Then Allah sent down his
calmness upon him and strengthen him with forces which
you saw not )) [ Al-Tawbah: 40].
Spending for Allah’s Sake
The occurrence of his spending are many, we display some of
them:
Allah's Messenger (prayers and peace be upon him) said:
"No one has helped me without reciprocating it, except for Abu
Bakr, who has given me help, which Allah will reciprocate to
him in the Day of Resurrection. No one's property has benefited
me to the extent of Abu Bakr’s.”
Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said:
'Allah's Messenger (prayers and peace be upon him) commanded
us to give charity, and it corresponds available property of
mine.
I said: 'Today I shall better Abu Bakr. I have never bettered him.
Then I brought half my property. The Messenger of Allah
(prayers and peace be upon him) said: “What did you leave for
your family?" I said: 'An amount like this.
Abu Bakr came with all his property. And the Messenger of Allah
(prayers and peace be upon him) asked: "What did you leave for
your family?“.
He said: 'I have left Allah and his Messenger. Then I said: “I shall
never better you in anything”.
The Day the Prophet Passed Away
It is reported from Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them)
, that when the Prophet (prayers and peace be upon him)
passed away, Abu Bakr went out while Umar was speaking to
the people. Abu Bakr said to him: 'Sit down O Umar,' twice, But
Umar refused to sit.
Abu Bakr said: 'To proceed, if anyone amongst you used to
worship Muhammad, then Muhammad is dead, but if you used
to worship Allah, then Allah is Alive and shall never die.
Allah says: ((Muhammad is no more than a Messenger and
indeed (many) messengers have passed away before him. If he
dies or is killed, will you then turn back on your heels (as
disbelievers) and then he who turns back on his heels, not the
least harm will he do to Allah, and Allah will give reward to
those who are grateful))' [Aal-Imrãn: 144].
Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) said: "By Allah, it
was as if the people never knew that Allah had revealed this
verse before, till Abu Bakr recited it and all the people took it
from him, and I heard everybody reciting it.
" Umar ibn Al Khattab (may Allah be pleased with him) said: 'my
legs could not support me, and I fell down at the very moment
of hearing him reciting it, declaring that the Prophet (prayers
and peace be upon him) had passed away.”
The First Caliph in Islam
It was not long after the death of the Messenger of Allah
(prayers and peace be upon him), when Islam became
entangled in a grave struggle from two directions:
Imam Al-Dhahabi said: 'When the news of the death of the
Prophet spread, many groups of people among the Arabs
apostatized from Islam. They objected to pay the almsgiving.
Abu Bakr decided to fight them. Umar and others impressed
upon him to refrain from fighting them, but Abu Bakr (may
Allah be pleased with him) , said: 'By Allah, if they refuse to
pay a rope which they used to pay at the time of the Messenger
of Allah, I will fight them for withholding it.
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) insisted: 'How can you
fight with these people although the Prophet (prayers and
peace be upon him) said: "I have been ordered by Allah to fight
the people till they say: None has the right to be worshiped but
Allah,
and whoever said it then he will save his life and property from
me except on trespass the law, and his accounts will be with
Allah.
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), reiterated: 'By Allah!
I will fight those who differentiate between the prayer and
almsgiving, for almsgiving is a compulsory right to be taken
from the property (according to Allah's orders).' Then Umar
said: 'By Allah, it was nothing, but Allah brought relief to Abu
Bakr toward the decision (to fight) and I came to know that this
decision was right.'
Compilation of The Holy Qur'an
One of the greatest achievements Abu Bakr rendered to Islam
was the compilation of the Holy Qur'an. At that time, there
were hundreds of memorizers who had memorized the entire
Qur'an among the Companions during the life-time of the
Prophet (prayers and peace be upon him), but the Holy Qur'an
had never been complied in a book-form, numbers of those
memorizers had been martyred in the various battles that had
ensued after the Prophet's passing. Consequently, it occurred to
Umar that steps should be taken to preserve the Qur'an intact
in its original form, against any kind of risk, Therefore, he
urged Abu Bakr to have it written down in the form of a book.
Abu Bakr at first hesitated because this had not been done by
the Prophet himself. However, after some debate on the
subject, he agreed and appointed Zaid ibn Thabit for this work.
Zaid was the most capable person to be charged with this
because he had acted as an amanuensis to the Prophet (prayers
and peace be upon him), and one of the Companions, who had
learnt the Qur'an directly from him.
Zaid ibn Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him), said: 'By
Allah, If Abu Bakr had ordered to shift one of the mountains
from its place it would not have been harder for me than
what he had ordered me concerning the collection of the
Qur'an.
He continued, I started locating Qur'anic material and
collecting it from parchments, scapula, leaf-stalks of date
palms and from the memories of men.' The manuscript in
which the Qur'an was collected, remained with Abu Bakr
(may Allah be pleased with him) till he passed away, and
then with Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) till he
depart this life, and finally it remained with Hafsah, Umar's
daughter. It is reported from Ali ben Abi Talib (may Allah be
pleased with him), who said: 'The one who has the greatest
reward amongst the people is Abu Bakr. He was the first to
compile the Qur'an between two slates.
The Final Moments of his Life
Aishah (may Allah be pleased with her) said: 'When Abu Bakr became
heavy with illness, I displayed this poem:
By your life! Affluence will be of no benefit On the day that your
throat rattles and the chest constricts.
Then he uncovered his face and said: ' That is not right. Instead,
recite the verse of Allah: ((And the stupor of death will come in truth:
This is what you have been avoiding)).' [Q: 19].
Abu Bakr recommended to Aishah to bury him beside the Prophet
(prayers and peace be upon him) . When he died, Abu Bakr's grave was
placed adjacent to the Prophet, and it was dug in such a way that his
head was parallel to the shoulder of the Prophet (prayers and peace
be upon him).
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) died on Monday evening,
22- 6- 13 H. (of Al Hijrah: the migration to Madinah), corresponding
23- 8- 634 CE. (Christian Era). He was sixty-three years of age, and his
caliphate continued for two years and three months. May Allah have
mercy on Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq and be pleased with him and assemble us
among his company.s
