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Sampling

The document discusses three sampling methods: impulse (ideal) sampling, natural sampling, and flat-top sampling. Impulse sampling samples the signal using impulses, while natural sampling uses a pulse with finite width. Flat-top sampling uses sample and hold to take a slice of the waveform. The spectra of the sampled signals using each method are derived. Natural sampling results in the original spectrum being repeated at multiples of the sampling frequency, while flat-top sampling results in a sinc function multiplied by the periodic original spectrum.

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ravikumar rayala
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42 views

Sampling

The document discusses three sampling methods: impulse (ideal) sampling, natural sampling, and flat-top sampling. Impulse sampling samples the signal using impulses, while natural sampling uses a pulse with finite width. Flat-top sampling uses sample and hold to take a slice of the waveform. The spectra of the sampled signals using each method are derived. Natural sampling results in the original spectrum being repeated at multiples of the sampling frequency, while flat-top sampling results in a sinc function multiplied by the periodic original spectrum.

Uploaded by

ravikumar rayala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling

Sampling
• Analog signal is sampled every TS seconds.
• Tsis referred to as the samplinginterval.
• fs = 1/Ts is called the sampling rate or sampling frequency.
•There are 3 sampling methods:
– Impulse (ideal) sampling - an impulse at each samplinginstant

– Natural sampling - a pulse of short width withvarying


amplitude

– Flat-top sampling - sample and hold, like natural but with


9

single amplitude value.


Impulse (Ideal) Sampling
Time Domain Frequency Domain

10
Spectrum of Impulse Sampling

The spectrum of the impulse


sampled waveform
Impulse Sampling
with increasing sampling frequency

Sampled waveform Sampled waveform

0 0
1 20 1 20

Sampled waveform Sampled waveform

0 0
1 20 1 20
Natural sampling
• Natural sampling is performed by
multiplying w(t) by a train of pulses:

ws (t)  w(t) s(t)


where


 t  kTs 
s(t)     
P
k 

• Natural sampling takes a slice


of the waveform and the topof
the slice preserves the shapeof
the waveform.

PAM using Natural sampling


Spectrum of Natural Sampling
• The spectrum (F.T) of the natural sampled signal canbe
derived as follows:
Proof

w s (t)  w(t)st 
Reading
ONLY

Taking Fourier Transform :


W s (f)  W(f)* F.T st
  t  kTs


W s (f)  W(f)* F.T   P  
k   τ 
Spectrum of Natural Sampling (Cont.)
From signals and systems, the Fourier transform of
the periodic pulse is
Then we have: Proof
Reading
ONLY

τ  nτ 
W s (f)  W(f)*  sinc   δ f  nf s 
n Ts  Ts 

τ  nτ 
  sinc   [W(f)* δ f  nf s ]
n Ts  Ts 
Spectrum of Natural Sampling (Cont.)

Proof Periodic
Reading
ONLY W(f)
Using the shifting property of the Delta Function

τ  nτ 
W s(f)   sinc  W  f  nf s 
n Ts  Ts 

Constant for each n


(not depend on the f)&
discrete
Spectrum of Natural Sampling (Cont.)
 τ  nτ 
W s(f)   sinc W  f  nfs 
T
n s  Ts 
MAGNITUDE SPECTRUM of analog signal

1
Magnitude of W(f)
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
f
MAGNITUDE SPECTRUM of NATURAL SAMPLED P AM signal
0.3

0.25
Magnitude of Ws(f)

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05
17
D r. Ahmed
0 El-Mahdy Comm 502: Communication Theory
C -10
ommunications 0 10
Department 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
f
Flat-Top Sampling
• Easy to implement
using sample
and hold operation.

• Flat top sampling takes a slice


of the waveform but cuts off the
top of the slicehorizontally.
The top of the slicedoes
not preserve the shape
of the waveform.

Pulse Amplitude Modulation using


Flat Top sampling
18
Comm 502: Communication Theory
Spectrum of Flat TopSampling
Proof in
Appendix
Reading
ONLY


W s (f)  sinc f 

Ts
 W(f - kf
k 
s )

Variable
continuously Periodic
with f W(f)
19
Comm 502: Communication Theory
Spectrum of Flat TopSampling
 
W s(f)  sinc f   W(f - kf s )
Ts k
MAGNITUDE SPECTRUM of analog signal

Magnitude of W(f)
0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
f
MAGNITUDE SPECTRUM of Flat-topped SAMPLED PAM signal
20
Magnitude of Ws(f)

15

10

0 20
Dr. Ahmed-10
El-Mahdy0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Comm 502: Communicatio n Theory
Communications Department f

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