VIET NAM OIL AND GAS GROUP

PETROVIETNAM UNIVERSITY

DISCUSSION

PUMPS
Presentation: Group 2
TRUONG NGUYEN TRUC LINH LE THAI HIEN
TO THI HUONG NGUYEN DUY KHANH
H NHU Y BYA HOANG VAN LOC
TRAN TRUNG DUC

12/22/2019 PUMPS 2
 CONTENTS

COMMON PUMP
05 EQUATIONS AND EXAMPLE

04 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

03 COMPARISON

CLASSIFICATION OF
02 PUMPS

PUMPS DEFINATION &

01 APPLICATTIONS

12/22/2019 PUMPS 3
 PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATTIONS
• Definition:

A pump is a mechanism that is used to transfer a liquid from one place

to another by imparting energy to the liquid being transferred.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 4
 PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATTIONS
Boiler
feedwater
pump

Domestic
Fuel oil pump
water pump

Lubricating
Fire pump
oil pump

Chemical Circulating
feed pump water pump

12/22/2019 PUMPS 5
 PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATTIONS

• Pump drives

 Electric motor

 Gas or diesel internal combustion engine

 Gas, water, or steam turbine

 Steam engine/Steam operated piston

• Main categories:

1. Those that use liquid velocity to create pressure

2. Those that use positive displacement to create pressure

12/22/2019 PUMPS 6
 CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

12/22/2019 PUMPS 7
 COMPARISON
Advantages Disadvantages

- Simple (don’t have any valves, - Using rotation instead of

or many moving parts) suction to move water
Centrifugal pumps - Output is very steady and (pump must be put under
consistent water)
- Cavitation

- Creating high pressures from - Require a lot of

low-flow situations maintenance
- Operating above 90% efficient - Require a damper of some
Reciprocating pumps type (decrease the
movement of piston on
pump)

- Delivering liquid to high - More expensive than

pressures centrifugal pump
- Can pump viscous liquids - Not be used for fluids
Rotary pumps - Give a relative smooth output containing suspended solids
(specially at high speed)

12/22/2019 PUMPS 8
 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

12/22/2019 PUMPS 9
 1. DEFINATION

 A centrifugal pump may be defined

in a general way as a pump that
uses centrifugal force to develop
velocity in the liquid being handled,
which velocity being consequently
converted to pressure

 Centrifugal pumps can be

subdivided into the following types:
volute, diffuser, axial flow, mixed
flow, and regenerative

12/22/2019 PUMPS 10
 2. CLASSIFICATION
 They can also be divided according to the:
 Number of stages - single or multistage
 Suction inlet - single or double suction
 Position of shaft - horizontal or vertical
 Type of casing - horizontal or vertical split
 Mounting - in-line or base-mounted
 Centrifugal pumps can also be classified according to the application
such as: boiler feed pump, general purpose pump, vacuum pump,
and circulating pump. Each application requires a different pump
design

12/22/2019 PUMPS 11
 2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES

The output volume from a

centrifugal pump will vary with
changes in the discharge
pressure (head). As the head
on the pump increases, the
flow decreases. When the flow
is reduced to zero, the pump is
usually producing maximum
head

12/22/2019 PUMPS 12
 2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES
The impeller just chums the
water if there is no flow. This
may be acceptable for short
periods during start-up or
testing, but if the pump is
allowed to run for a considerable
time, the water begins to heat
up. If allowed to continue, the
water could overheat and turn to
vapor. The pump would become
vapor bound and damage could
result

12/22/2019 PUMPS 13
 2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES

 Consisting of an impeller, made

up of a number of vanes, which
rotates in a volute stationary
casing.

 The liquid travels through the

volute casing to the discharge,
its velocity energy is converted
into pressure energy.

Fig: Volute centrifugal pump

12/22/2019 PUMPS 14
 3. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CP

3.1. Impellers:

A: Open impeller E: Impeller for paper-stock pumps

B: Semi-closed single-inlet impeller handling liquids containing solids
C: Enclosed, single-inlet impeller F: Propeller type impeller
D: Enclosed with double-inlet G: Impeller for mixed-flow pumps
impeller

12/22/2019 PUMPS 15
 3. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CP
3.2. Pumpcasing:

Centrifugal pump casings may be split horizontally, vertically, or

diagonally. The suction and discharge nozzles are usually in the
lower half of the casing

Fig. Axially split casing Fig. Vertical split casing Fig. Diagonally split
casing

12/22/2019 PUMPS 16
 3. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CP
3.3. Wearing Rings:

 During operation, the continuous leakage of the liquid through the

joint will slowly wear away the surfaces of this joint and pump
efficiency will drop off.
 When the clearance becomes too large, restoration to the original
clearance will be necessary, either by building up the worn surfaces
or by replacing the casing and impeller.
 The cost of restoration can be considerably reduced by the
installation of wearing rings on the impeller, in the casing, or both
with a relatively low cost.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 17
 3. CONSTRUCTION DETAILS OF CP
3.3. Wearing Rings:

Fig: Wearing rings Fig: Impeller and casing

wearing rings

12/22/2019 PUMPS 18
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

1. Suction conditions:

• General:Suction conditions have to be considered the key element ò

a successful pump installation and operation.

• NPSHR: The NPSH required is the positive head (absolute pressure)

required at the pump suction to overcome these pressure drops in
the pump and maintain the liquid above its vapor pressure.

• NPSHR is a function of the pump and must be provided by the pump

manufacturer

12/22/2019 PUMPS 19
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

• NPSHA:It is the excess pressure of the liquid in feet absolute over

its vapor pressure as it arrives at the pump suction, to be sure that
the pump selected does not cavitate.

• NPSHA is a function of your system and must be calculated:

NPSHA = Hs + Ha - Hvp – Hf

 Hs: Static Head over the impeller centerline

 Ha: Head on the surface of the liquid in the suction tank

 Hvp: Vapor Pressure of the liquid

 Hf: Friction Losses in the Suction Line

12/22/2019 PUMPS 20
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

12/22/2019 PUMPS 21
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

• Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH):The satisfactory operation of

a pump requires that vaporization of the liquid being pumped does
not occur at any condition of operation

• To avoid Cavitation damage, the NPSH available must greater than

the NPSH be required

• Therefore when Cavitation occurs in a pump, there are only two

possible solutions: Decrease the NPSH required, or increase the
NPSH available.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 22
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

Method for reduction NPSHR:

• Increase the eye area of the impeller;

• Install a suction inducer;

• Use a double suction impeller;

• Use a slower speed pump;

• Use lower capacity pumps;

• Use a booster pump

12/22/2019 PUMPS 23
 4. PUMP PERFORMANCE

• Vapor pressure (Hvp):The only way to reduce the vapor pressure

of a liquid is to reduce its temperature

• Friction losses (Hf):

1. Increasing the size of suction piping or decreasing the length

2. Reducing the obstruction such as valves, strainers and other

fittings.

3. For thicker liquids, heat tracing the line will help to reduce the
viscous losses

4. Hoses and corroded pipes have high losses replace with new pipes

12/22/2019 PUMPS 24
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING

1. General

2. The effect of operating performance

3. Condition monitoring

4. Minimum Flow

5. Cavitation

12/22/2019 PUMPS 25
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.1. General:
 To avoid problems as cavitation, excessive power load on the motor,
excessively loaded radial bearings.
 Minimizing the energy consumed
 Excessive throttling should be avoided
 Pump never be operated with a closed suction valve
 Valves on the discharge side should usually not remain closed for
more than a minute, although this varies with pump size.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 26
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.2. The effect of operating performance:
 Series and parallel operation

Series operation: same Flow Rate, Head is being changed

Fig. 53: Series pump diagram Fig. 54: Series pump curve

12/22/2019 PUMPS 27
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.2. The effect of operating performance:
 Series and parallel operation
Parallel operation: same Head, but share the Flow Rate

Fig. 54: Parallel pump diagram

12/22/2019 PUMPS 28
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.2. The effect of operating performance:
 Series and parallel operation
Parallel operation: same Head, but share the Flow Rate

Fig. 55: Parallel pump curves Fig. 56: Multiple parallel pump

12/22/2019 PUMPS 29
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.3. Condition monitoring:
Four areas to be incorporated in a pump maintenance program.

 Pump performance monitoring and pump system analysis

 Vibration monitoring

 Bearing temperature

 Visual inspections

12/22/2019 PUMPS 30
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.4. Minimum Flow:
 A determination of the minimum acceptable continuous operating
flow of a pump is necessary to set limits on control equipment and
instrumentation. The need for and size of minimum flow bypass
systems:
a. Temperature Rise e. Recirculation and Separation
b. Radial Bearing Loads f. Settling of Solids
c. Axial Thrust g. Noise and Vibration
d. Pre-rotation h. Power Savings, Motor Load

12/22/2019 PUMPS 31
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.5. Cativation:

Fig. 57. Pressure Profile Fig. 58. Impeller Photo

inside a Centrifugal Pump Showing Cavitation Damage
12/22/2019 PUMPS 32
 5. OPERATION AND TROUBLESHOOTING
5.5. Cativation:

 Changing in the system design or operation may be necessary to

increase the NPSHA above the NPSHR and stop the cavitation. One
method for increasing the NPSHA is to increase the pressure at the
suction of the pump.

 It is also possible to increase the NPSHA by decreasing the

temperature of the liquid being pumped.

 Reducing the NPSHR for the pump.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 33
 COMMON PUMP EQUATIONS

12/22/2019 PUMPS 34
 EXAMPLE

Example: Liquid propane, at its

bubble point, is to be pumped from
a reflux drum to a depropanizer. The
maximum flow rate is expected to be
82 m3/h. The pressures in the
vessels are 1380 and 1520 kPa (abs)
respectively. The relative density of
propane at the pumping temperature
(38°C) is 0.485. The elevations and
estimated frictional pressure losses
are shown on Fig.1. The pump
curves are shown in Fig.2. The pump
nozzles elevations are zero and the
velocity head at nozzles is negligible.

12/22/2019 PUMPS 35
 EXAMPLE

12/22/2019 PUMPS 36
 EXAMPLE
Calculation of NPSHA
Reflux drum pressure 1380 kPa (abs)
Elevation
6m*0.999*0.485*9.807 = +28.5 kPa
Friction valves = –1.4 kPa
piping = –3.5 kPa
Fluid vapor pressure –1380 kPa (abs)
23.6 kPa
NPSHA
23.6/(0.999*0.485*9.807) = 5.0 m
This NPSHA result is adequate when
compared to the 3 m of NPSHR in the
curve shown in Fig.2

Calculation of Hydraulic Power

hyd kW = (Q •H • RD) /367
hyd kW = (82) (98.4) (0.485) /367 = 10.67 kW

12/22/2019 PUMPS 37
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 38
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

- Transfer a liquid from one place to another.

- Boiler feedwater pump, fuel oil pump, chemical
feed pump,…

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 39
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

- Nonpositive displacement pump: centrifugal pump

- Positive displacement pump: rotary and reciprocating

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 40
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
- Use centrifugal force to develop velocity in the liquid
being handled, which velocity being consequently
converted to pressure

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 41
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
- Operation performance: series and parallel
- Condition monitoring
- Minimum flow

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 42
 CONCLUSION

PUMPS DEFINATION & APPLICATIONS

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
OPERATION OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

Cativation: damage to pump impeller, bearings,

wear rings and seals.

TROUBLESHOOTING OF CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

12/22/2019 PUMPS 43
THANK
YOU