Quality Gurus

Quality Management
 (Oct.14, 1900-December 20, 1993)
 Father of Quality Control
 Best known for initiating a transformation in
the Japanese manufacturing sector.
 Also known for Deming prize in honor of him
and 14 points, Deming Chain Reaction and
for the Theory of Profound Knowledge.
 Modified the Shewhart PDSA
(plan,do,study,act) cycle to what is known as
Deming Cycle (plan, do, check, act).
 He said that only the customer can define the
quality of any product or service.
 Deming’s approach focuses on the creation of an
organizational system.
 He stressed the responsibilities of top
management in leading the process of changes
or improvements and systems.
 Deming also emphasized the importance of
identification and measurement of customer
requirements, creation of supplier partnership,
functional teams, training and development of
efficient employees.
1. Lack of constancy of purpose to plan
products and services that have a market
sufficient to keep the company in business
and provide jobs.
2. Stress on short-term profit
3. Personal review systems for managers and
management by objectives with no methods
or resources provided to achieve objectives
such as perfomance evaluations, merit
rating and annual increase.
4. Job-hopping by managers
5. Using only evident data and information in
decision making with little or no consideration
given to what is unknown or cannot be known.
6. Extreme medical costs
7. Too much costs of liability driven up by lawyers
who work on contingency fees.
Philip Crosby (June 18, 1926-August 18, 2001)
-wrote a book entitled Quality is free which is
published in 1979.
- He claims” mistakes are caused by two factors:
lack of knowledge and lack of attention”
 The Four (4) absolutes of quality:
1. The definition- Quality is conformance to
requirements, not goodness.
2. The system- Prevention, not appraisal
3. The performance standard- Zero Defects
4. The measurement- The price of non-
conformance to requirements, not quality
circles
The 14-step methodology of Crosby:
1. Management commitment
2. Quality improvement team
3. Quality measurement
4. Cost of quality
5. Quality awareness
6. Corrective action
7. Zero defects planning
8. Supervisor training
9. Zero defects day
10. Goal setting
11. Error-cause removal
12. Recognition
13. Quality councils
14. Do it over again
 Assisted the Japanese in their reconstruction
processes after WW II. He became well-known
in the US as the editor of the Quality Control
Handbook. (1951)
 Quality trilogies:
1. Quality planning-identification of demands,
proposals, goal-setting, reporting and
communication and improvement systems
2. Quality control- creating standards and
measurement methods
3. Quality improvements
 Quality control must be essential part of
management
 Quality is no mistake
 Quality must be planned
 There are no shortcuts to quality
 Make use of problems as sources of
improvement.
 Juran, like Deming, believes most quality
problems are due to management not
employees.
 Grandfather of Quality Control
 Was a mentor in quality control and sampling
plans.
 His contributions gave birth to the modern
scientific study of process control.
 Developed Shewhart cycle (Plan-Do-Study-
Act) to manage the effects of variations. He
stressed that eliminating variability improved
quality.
 His works created the foundation for
statistical process control measures.
 Is given credit to the formation of the idea of
total quality control in his book Quality
control-Principles, Practice and
Administration (1961) and in his article Total
Quality Control (1956).
 Three steps to quality:
1. Quality leadership
2. Modern quality technology
3. Organizational commitment
 Father of Quality Circles
 He is recognized with developing the idea of
company-wide quality control in Japan.
 He developed the cause and effect diagram
also known as Ishikawa diagram or the
fishbone diagram.
 Seven basic tools for QC:
1. Process flow chart
2. Check sheet
3. Histogram
4. Pareto chart
5. Cause-effect diagram
6. Scatter diagram
7. Control chart
Ishikawa’s concept of total quality control contains
fundamental principles:
1. Quality first
2. Customer orientation
3. The next step is your customer
4. Using facts and data to make presentations
5. Reverence for humanity as management
philosophy, full participatory management
6. Cross-functional management
 Was born in Japan and completed his
Mechanical Engineering course and obtained
Ph.d. In the year 1962.
 He estimated that 80% of all defective items
are caused by poor product design.
 Taguchi underlines an enginee-
ring approach to quality.
 He is known for applying a
concept called design of
experiments to product design.
 He is the greatest contributor to modern
manufacturing practices. (industrial
engineering)
 In view of his contributions, Utah State Univ.
Founded the Shingo prize for excellence in
manufacturing in 1988.
This prize encourages world-class
manufacturing and distinguishes
companies that accomplish superior
customer satisfaction.
1. Just in Time (JIT)= was originated in part
due to contribution of DR. Shigeo and
Taichii Ohno of Toyota Motor Corporation
from 1949 to 1975.
 It is also known as Toyota Production
System. Its about supplying customers with
what they want when they want it. The aim
of JIT is to diminish inventories by
producing only what is necessary when it is
necessary.
2. Single Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED)- is a
system for speedy changeovers between
products.The target is to make simpler
materials, machinery, processes and skills to
significantly decrease changeover times from
hours to minutes.
3. Zero Quality Control (ZQC)- based on the
theoretically ideal scenario.
-Its developed to implement error-proofing
devices in the assembly line and to abolish
the requirement for statistical process
control.
 Founder and President of Kaizen Institute who
threw the word “Kaizen”.
 Kaizen refers to continuous or on-going
improvement in Japanese.
 Kaizen is continuous improvement that is based on
certain guiding principles:
1. Good processes carry good results
2. Go see for yourself to grab the
Present situation
3. Speak with data, direct by facts
4. Take action to contain and remedy
root causes of problems
5. Work as a team
6. Kaizen’s is everyone’s business