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Fem Application Biomechanics

The document discusses various numerical methods that can be used in biomechanics, with a focus on the finite element method (FEM). It provides an overview of FEM procedures, including dividing a continuum into finite elements, assuming displacements at nodal points, deriving element equilibrium equations, and assembling to solve for the entire system. It also outlines common applications of FEM to problems in spine, knee implant, and femoral implant biomechanics and highlights advantages of using FEM over other methods.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
218 views39 pages

Fem Application Biomechanics

The document discusses various numerical methods that can be used in biomechanics, with a focus on the finite element method (FEM). It provides an overview of FEM procedures, including dividing a continuum into finite elements, assuming displacements at nodal points, deriving element equilibrium equations, and assembling to solve for the entire system. It also outlines common applications of FEM to problems in spine, knee implant, and femoral implant biomechanics and highlights advantages of using FEM over other methods.

Uploaded by

daniel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NUMERICAL METHODS THAT CAN

BE USED IN BIOMECHANICS
1) Mechanics of Materials Approach
(A) Complex Beam Theory
(i) Straight Beam
(ii) Curved Beam
(iii) Composite Beam
From:Daviddarling.info
NUMERICAL METHODS THAT CAN
BE USED IN BIOMECHANICS
Mechanics of Material Approach (Cont)
NUMERICAL METHODS THAT CAN
BE USED IN BIOMECHANICS
(2) Finite Difference Method
NUMERICAL METHODS THAT CAN
BE USED IN BIOMECHANICS
(2) Finite Difference Method (Contd)
Consider an ordinary differential equation

One of the difference equation method is using:

To approximate the differential equation.


Solution is:
APPLICATION OF FINITE ELEMENT
METHOD TO BIOMECHANICS
Introduction
 Re-invented around 1963
 Initially applied to engineering structures

Concrete dams Aircraft structures


(Civil engineers) (Aeronautical

engineers)
Introduction

 FEM is based on

Energy Method
Method of
Residuals
Introduction
 Energy method

Total potential energy must be stationary

δ (U + W) = δ ( П ) = 0
Introduction
 Residual method

Differential equation governing the problem is


given by A ( ø ) = 0
Minimise R = A ( ø* ) - A ( ø )
ø is actual solution
ø* is assumed solution
Introduction
 Both methods give us a set of equations

[K]{a} ={f}

Stiffness Matrix Force Matrix


Displacement Matrix
Introduction - FEM Procedure
 Continuum is separated by imaginary lines or
surfaces into a number of “finite elements”

Finite Elements
Introduction - FEM Procedure
 Elements are assumed to be interconnected at a
discrete number of “nodal points” situated on
their boundaries

Nodal Points
Finite Elements

Displacements at these nodal points will be the basic unknown


Introduction - FEM Procedure
 A set of functions is chosen to define uniquely the
state of displacement within each finite element ( U )
in terms of nodal displacements ( a 1 , a2 , a3 )
Finite Element
a2
Nodal Point
U = Σ Ni ai y
i= 1, 3
a1 a3

x
Introduction - FEM Procedure
 This displacement function is input into either
“energy equations” or “residual equations” to
give us element equilibrium equation
 [K]{a} ={f} Finite Element
a2
Nodal Point
Element y
Element Element
Displacement Force
Stiffness
Matrix Matrix a1 a3
Matrix

x
Introduction - FEM Procedure
 Element equilibrium equations are assembled
taking care of displacement compatibility at the
connecting nodes to give a set of equations that
represents equilibrium of the entire continuum

Nodal Points
Finite Elements
Introduction - FEM Procedure
 Solution for displacements are obtained after
substituting boundary conditions in the continuum
equilibrium equations

Nodal Points
Finite Elements

Support Points
Support Points
Introduction
 Finite element method used to solve:

 Elastic continuum
 Heat conduction
 Electric & Magnetic potential
 Non-linear (Material & Geometric) -plasticity, creep
 Vibration
 Transient problems
 Flow of fluids
 Combination of above problems
 Fracture mechanics
Introduction
 Finite elements:

 Truss , Cable and Beam elements


 Two & Three solid elements
 Axi-symmetric elements
 Plate & Shell elements
 Spring, Damper & Mass elements
 Fluid elements
Application to Spine Biomechanics
Finite Element Mesh of C4-C7

Facet Joints
C4

C5 C5-C6
Graft

C6

C7

Intact With Graft at C5-C6 Level


von Mises Stress in C4-C5 Annulus
(Flexion)

5 MPa Anterior 6 MPa Anterior

Neutral Graft Kyphotic Graft


Finite Element Mesh of L1-S1
Vertical Displacement Distribution
in L1-S1
Finite Element Mesh of L2-L5
With 25% Translational
Spondylolisthesis
Vertical Displacement Distribution
in L2-L5 Under Flexion Moment
(25% translational spondylolisthesis)
Application to Knee Implant
Biomechanics
Finite Element Mesh to Represent
Tibial Insert & Femoral Component
Contact Compressive Stress
Motion of Femoral Implant with respect to UHMWPE Knee Insert
Application to Femoral Implant
Biomechanics
Finite Element Mesh of an Intact
Femur
Distribution of SIGMA-ZZ in an
intact femur
Finite Element Mesh of a Femur with
Implant
SIGMA-ZZ in a Femur With Implant
Implant fixed with cement layer in a
femur
Von Misses stress in cement layer
SIGMA-ZZ in cortical bone in a femur with
implant attached using cement
Advantage of using FEM
 Irregular complex geometry can be modeled
 Effect of large number of variables in a problem
can be easily analysed
 Multiple phase problems can be modeled
 Effect of various surgical techniques can be
compared using appropriate FE models
 Both static and time dependent problems can be
modeled
 Solution to certain problems that cannot be (or
difficult) obtained otherwise can be solved by FEM

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