Module 7

Induction Motor
Power Stages

Engr. Gerard Ang

School of EECE
 Induction Motor Power Stages

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm
 Induction Motor Torques
1. Gross Torque

𝑷𝒎 𝑷𝟐
𝑻𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟓𝟓 = 𝟗. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵−𝒎
𝑵𝑹 𝑵𝑺

2. Shaft Torque
𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕
𝑻𝒔𝒉 = 𝟗. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵−𝒎
𝑵𝑹

3. Lost Torque

𝑻𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒕 = 𝑻𝒈 − 𝑻𝒔𝒉
 Mechanical Power and Rotor Output
• Mechanical Power Developed in Rotor

𝑷𝒎 = 𝑷𝟐 − 𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 = (𝟏 − 𝒔)𝑷𝟐

• Rotor Copper Loss

𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 = 𝑷𝟐 − 𝑷𝒎 = 𝒔 × 𝑷𝟐

𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 = 𝒔 × 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒄𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒂𝒊𝒓 𝒈𝒂𝒑

𝑻𝒈
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 = (𝑵𝑺 − 𝑵𝑹 )
𝟗. 𝟓𝟓
 Rotor Efficiency

• The rotor efficiency of an induction motor

is
𝑵𝑹
𝜼𝑹 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑵𝑺

𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝒔
=
𝑹𝒐𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑮𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑶𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕 𝟏 − 𝒔
 Sample Problems
1. The power input to the rotor of 440 V, 50 Hz, 6-pole, 3-phase,
induction motor is 80 kW. The rotor electromotive force is
observed to make 100 complete alterations per minute.
Calculate rotor copper losses.

Solution:
100
𝑓𝑅 = 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 sec (𝐻𝑧)
60
100 1
𝑓𝑅 = 𝑠𝑓 = 𝑠 50 𝑠=
60 30

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑠𝑃2

1
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 80 × 103 𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝟐, 𝟔𝟔𝟕. 𝟔𝟕 𝑾
30
 Sample Problems
2. A 440-V, 3-φ, 50-Hz, 4-pole, Y-connected induction motor has a
full-load speed of 1,425 rpm. The rotor has an impedance of
(0.4 + j4) ohm and rotor/stator turn ratio of 0.8. Calculate (a) full-
load rotor Cu loss (b) power output if windage and friction losses
amount to 500 W.

Solution:
120𝑓 120 50 𝑁𝑆 = 1,500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑁𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 =
𝑃 4

𝑁𝑆 − 𝑁𝑅 1,500 − 1,425
𝑠= 𝑠= 𝑠 = 0.05
𝑁𝑆 1,500
 𝐸𝐵𝑅 (𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒) 𝐸𝐵𝑅
𝑎= 0.8 = 𝐸𝐵𝑅 = 203.23 𝑉
𝐸𝑆 (𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒) 440Τ 3

Let 𝐸𝐵𝑅 be the reference voltage

𝐸𝐵𝑅 = 203.23∠0°𝑉

𝑍𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅 + 𝑗𝑠𝑋𝐵𝑅 𝑍𝑅 = 0.4 + 𝑗 0.05 4 𝑍𝑅 = 0.4 + 𝑗0.2 Ω

𝑠𝐸𝐵𝑅 0.05 203.23∠0°

𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅 = 22.72∠ − 26.57° 𝐴
𝑍𝑅 0.4 + 𝑗0.2

(a) For the full-load rotor Cu loss

𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 3𝐼𝑅2 𝑅𝑅 𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 3 22.72 2

0.4

𝑹𝑪𝑳 = 𝟔𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟒 𝑾
(b) For the power output if windage and friction losses amount to
500 W

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm

𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑅𝐶𝐿
𝑅𝑜𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑠𝑃2 𝑃2 =
s
𝑅𝐶𝐿
= 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
s

619.44
= 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 619.44 + 500
0.05

𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟏𝟏, 𝟐𝟔𝟗. 𝟑𝟔 𝑾

 Sample Problems
3. The power input to a 3-phase induction motor is 60 kW. The
stator losses total 1 kW. Find the mechanical power developed
if the motor is running with a slip of 3%.

Solution:

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm
Solution:

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm

𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

60 = 𝑃2 + 1 𝑃2 = 59 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑚 = 1 − 𝑠 𝑃2 𝑃𝑚 = 1 − 0.03 59

𝑷𝒎 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟐𝟑 𝒌𝑾
 Sample Problems
4. A 100-kW (output), 3300-V, 50-Hz, 3-phase, star-connected
induction motor has a synchronous speed of 500 rpm. The full-load
slip is 1.8% and full-load power factor 0.85, stator copper loss =
2,440 W, iron loss = 3,500 W, rotational losses = 1,200 W.
Calculate (a) stator line current and (b) the full-load efficiency.

Solution:

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm
 Motor Rotor Shaft
Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm

𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿 + 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑅𝐶𝐿
= 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑠
𝑅𝐶𝐿
= 100 × 103 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 1,200 𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 1,854.99 𝑊
0.018
 𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿 + 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑃1 = 100 × 103 + 2,440 + 3,500 + 1,854.99 + 1,200

𝑃1 = 108,994.99 𝑊

(a) For the stator line current

108,994.99
𝐼𝑆 = ∠ − cos −1 0.85 𝑰𝑳 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟒𝟑∠ − 𝟑𝟏. 𝟕𝟗° 𝑨
3(3,300)(0.85)

(b) For the full-load efficiency

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 100,000
𝜂= × 100% 𝜂= × 100%
𝑃1 108,994.99

𝜼 = 𝟗𝟏. 𝟕𝟓%
 Sample Problems
5. A 400 V, 50-Hz, 6-pole, Δ-connected, 3-φ induction motor
consumes 45 kW with a line current of 75 A and runs at a slip of
3%. If stator iron loss is 1,200 W, windage and friction loss is 900
W and resistance between two stator terminals is 0.12 ohm,
calculate (a) power supplied to the rotor (b) power supplied to load
and (c) shaft torque developed.
Solution:
3
𝑅𝑆 = 0.12 𝑅𝑆 = 0.18 Ω
2

45,000 = 3(400)(75) cos 𝜃 𝜃 = 30°

75
𝐼𝑆 = ∠ − 30° 𝐴 (𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒)
3
(a) For the power supplied to the rotor

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm

𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 3𝐼𝑆2 𝑅𝑆 + 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

2
75
45,000 = 𝑃2 + 3 (0.18) + 1,200 𝑷𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐, 𝟕𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝑾
3
(b) For the power supplied to load

Motor Rotor Shaft

Mechanical
Input in Rotor Input Power
Stator Cu Power Windage
Stator & Iron P2
Rotor Cu
& Friction Output Pout
Losses Developed
P1 Losses Losses or HP
in Rotor
Pm

𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿 + 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠

𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿 + 𝐼𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑠𝑃2 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠

2
75
45,000 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 3 0.18 + 1,200 + 0.03 42,787.5 + 900
3
𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟒𝟎, 𝟔𝟎𝟑. 𝟖𝟕𝟓 𝑾
(c) For the shaft torque developed

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑇𝑠ℎ = 9.55
𝑁𝑅
120𝑓 120 50
𝑁𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 = 1,000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑃 6
𝑁𝑅 = 1 − 𝑠 𝑁𝑆 𝑁𝑅 = 1,000 1 − 0.03 𝑁𝑅 = 970 𝑟𝑝𝑚

40,603.875
𝑇𝑠ℎ = 9.55
970

𝑻𝒔𝒉 = 𝟑𝟗𝟗. 𝟕𝟔 𝑵 − 𝒎
 Sample Problems
6. Determine the starting torque exerted by an 18.65-kW, 420-V,
6-pole, 50-Hz, 3-phase, star-connected induction motor when
an external resistance of 1 Ω is inserted in each rotor phase.
Stator impedance: (0.25 + j0.75) Ω
Rotor impedance: (0.173 + j0.52) Ω
Stator/rotor voltage ratio: 420/350
Connection: Star-Star
Solution:
For an induction motor,

𝑅𝑠 𝑋𝑠
𝑅𝑒𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅 + 2 𝑋𝑒𝑅 = 𝑋𝑅 + 2 𝑍𝑒𝑅 = 𝑅𝑒𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋𝑒𝑅
𝑎 𝑎

Where:
𝑅𝑒𝑅 = equivalent resistance of the motor as referred to the rotor
𝑋𝑒𝑅 = equivalent reactance of the motor as referred to the rotor
𝑍𝑒𝑅 = equivalent impedance of the motor as referred to the rotor
𝑅𝑆 = stator resistance per phase of the motor
𝑅𝑅 = rotor resistance per phase of the motor
𝑋𝑆 = stator reactance per phase of the motor
𝑋𝑅 = rotor reactance per phase of the motor
 420
𝑎= = 1.2
350
𝑅𝑆 0.25
𝑅𝑒𝑅 = 𝑅𝑅 + 2 𝑅𝑒𝑅 = 0.173 + 𝑅𝑒𝑅 = 0.35 Ω
𝑎 1.2 2

𝑋𝑆 0.75
𝑋𝑒𝑅 = 𝑋𝑅 + 2 𝑋𝑒𝑅 = 0.52 + 𝑋𝑒𝑅 = 1.04 Ω
𝑎 1.2 2

When an external resistance of 1 Ω is inserted in each rotor phase.

𝑍𝑒𝑅 = 1 + 0.35 + 𝑗1.04 𝑍𝑒𝑅 = 1.35 + 𝑗1.04 Ω

Recall,
𝐸𝑆 420 420Τ 3 350
𝑎= = 𝐸𝐵𝑅 = ∠0° 𝑉 (𝑟𝑒𝑓. 𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟)
𝐸𝐵𝑅 350 𝐸𝐵𝑅 3
At start s = 1,
𝐸𝐵𝑅 350Τ 3 ∠0° 𝐼𝑅 = 118.58∠ − 37.61° 𝐴
𝐼𝑅 = 𝐼𝑅 =
𝑍𝑒𝑅 1.35 + 𝑗1.04

𝑠𝑃2 = 𝑅𝐶𝐿 𝑃2 = 𝑅𝐶𝐿 𝑃2 = 3 𝐼𝑅 2 (𝑅𝑅 + 𝑅)

𝑃2 = 3 118.58 2 (0.173 + 1)

𝑃2 = 49,481.42 𝑊

120 50
𝑁𝑠 = = 1,000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
6
𝑃2 49.481.42
𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 9.55 𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 9.55
𝑁𝑆 1,000

𝑻𝒔𝒕 = 𝟒𝟕𝟐. 𝟓𝟓 𝑵 − 𝒎
 Induction Motor Tests

As the circuit model of an induction motor is similar to that of a

transformer, the parameters of the model can be obtained by
means of non-loading tests as in the case of the transformer.
These tests are:
1. No-load test (corresponding to the open circuit test on the
transformer)
2. Blocked-rotor test (corresponding to the short circuit test
on transformer).
 No-Load Test
• In this test the motor is run on no-load at rated voltage and
frequency.

𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 = 𝟑𝑮𝟎 𝑽𝟐

𝑰𝑶
𝒀𝑶 =
𝑽

𝑩𝟎 = 𝒀𝑶 𝟐 − 𝑮 𝟎 𝟐
Where:
G0 = exciting conductance per phase
B0 = exciting susceptance per phase
Y0 = exciting admittance per phase
I0 = stator input current per phase at no-load
V = stator input voltage per phase at no-load
 Sample Problems
7. In a no-load test, a star-connected induction motor took 10
A and 450 watts with a line voltage of 110 V. If stator
resistance/phase is 0.05 ohm and friction and windage
losses amount to 135 watts, calculate (a) the exciting
conductance and (b) susceptance/phase.
Solution:
𝑆𝐶𝐿 = 3 10 2 0.05 𝑆𝐶𝐿 = 15 𝑊
𝑆𝐶𝐿 = 3𝐼02 𝑅𝑆
(a) For the exciting conductance
𝑃1 = 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
450 = 15 + 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 135

𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 300 𝑊

 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 3𝐺0 𝑉 2
2
110
300 = 3𝐺0 𝑮𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟓 𝑺
3

(b) For the susceptance/phase

𝐼𝑂 10
𝑌𝑂 = 𝑌𝑂 = 𝑌𝑂 = 0.16 𝑆
𝑉 110Τ 3

𝐵𝑂 = 𝑌𝑂 2 − 𝐺0 2 𝐵𝑂 = (0.16)2 −(0.0.25)2

𝑩𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 𝐒
 Block Rotor Test
• In this test, the rotor is locked (or allowed very slow
rotation) and the rotor windings are short-circuited at slip-
rings, if the motor has a wound rotor.
• This test is used to find the following:
1. short-circuit current with normal voltage applied to
stator
2. power factor on short-circuit
3. total leakage reactance of the motor as referred to the
stator
4. total resistance of the motor as referred to the stator
 Block Rotor Test
𝑽𝑺𝑪
𝑾𝑺𝑪 = 𝟑𝑽𝑺𝑪 𝑰𝒔𝒄 𝒑𝒇𝒔𝒄 𝒁𝒆𝒔 =
𝑰𝑺𝑪

𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 = 𝑾𝑺𝑪 − 𝒄𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔

𝑿𝒆𝒔 = 𝒁𝒆𝒔𝟐 − 𝑹𝒆𝒔𝟐
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑪𝒖 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 = 𝟑𝑰𝑺𝒄 𝟐 𝑹𝒆𝒔

Where:
WSC = total input power on short circuit
VSC = stator line voltage on short circuit
ISC = stator line current on short circuit
pfSC = power factor on short circuit
Res = equivalent resistance of the moto referred to the stator
Xes = equivalent leakage reactance of the motor referred to the stator
Zes = equivalent impedance of the motor referred to the stator
 Sample Problems
8. A 110-V, 3-phase, star-connected induction motor takes
25 A at a line voltage of 30 V with rotor locked. With this
line voltage, power input to motor is 440 W and core loss
is 40 W. The dc resistance between a pair of stator
terminals is 0.1 ohm. If the ratio of ac to dc resistance is
1.6, find (a) the equivalent leakage reactance/phase of the
motor and (b) the rotor resistance per phase as referred to
the stator.
Solution:
𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
440 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 40

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 400 𝑊

 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 3𝐼𝑆𝑐 2 𝑅𝑒𝑠

400 = 3 25 2 𝑅𝑒𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑠 = 0.21 Ω

(a) For the equivalent leakage reactance/phase of the motor

𝑉𝑆𝐶 30Τ 3
𝑍𝑒𝑆 = 𝑍𝑒𝑆 = 𝑍𝑒𝑆 = 0.69 Ω
𝐼𝑆𝐶 25

𝑋𝑒𝑠 = 𝑍𝑒𝑠 2 − 𝑅𝑒𝑠 2 𝑋𝑒𝑠 = 0.69 2 − 0.21 2

𝑿𝒆𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝛀
(b) For the rotor resistance per phase as referred to the stator

0.1
𝑅𝑆 = 1.6 𝑅𝑆 = 0.08 Ω
2

𝑅𝑒𝑠 = 𝑅𝑆 + 𝑎2 𝑅𝑅 0.21 = 0.08 + 𝑎2 𝑅𝑅

𝒂𝟐 𝑹𝑹 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑 𝛀
 Sample Problems
9. An 8-pole, 37.3-kW, 3-phase induction motor has both stator
and rotor windings connected in star. The supply voltage is 280
V per phase at a frequency of 50 Hz. The short-circuit current is
200 A per phase at a short-circuit power factor of 0.25. The
stator resistance per phase is 0.15 Ω. If transformation ratio
between the stator and rotor windings is 3, find (a) the
resistance per phase of the rotor winding (b) the starting torque
of the motor.
Solution:
𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 3𝑉𝑆𝐶 𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝑝𝑓𝑠𝑐 𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 3 280 200 0.25
𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 42,000 𝑊
𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 0
𝑊𝑆𝐶 = 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠
(a) For the resistance per phase of the rotor winding

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 3𝐼𝑆𝑐 2 𝑅𝑒𝑠 42,000 = 3(200)2 𝑅𝑒𝑠

𝑅𝑒𝑠 = 0.35 𝑜ℎ𝑚

𝑅𝑒𝑠 = 𝑅𝑆 + 𝑎2 𝑅𝑅
𝟏
0.35 = 0.15 + (3)2 𝑅𝑅 𝑹𝑹 = 𝛀 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝛀
𝟒𝟓

(b) For the starting torque of the motor

𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 𝑠𝑃2
At start, s = 1
𝑃2 = 𝑅𝐶𝐿 𝑃2 = 𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 3𝐼𝑅2 𝑅𝑅
For the induction motor

𝐼𝑅 𝐼𝑅
𝑎= 3= 𝐼𝑅 = 600 𝐴
𝐼𝑆 200
1
𝑃2 = 𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 3𝐼𝑅2 𝑅𝑅 𝑃2 = 3 600 2
𝑃2 = 24,000 𝑊
45

𝑃2
𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 9.55
𝑁𝑆
120 50
𝑁𝑠 = 𝑁𝑠 = 750 𝑟𝑝𝑚
8

24,000
𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 9.55 𝑻𝒔𝒕 = 𝟑𝟎𝟓. 𝟔 𝑵 − 𝒎
750
 Sample Problems
10. A 220 V, 4 pole, 60 Hz, 3-phase induction motor was tested and
the following data were obtained:
No-load test: 220 V, 310 W, 6.2 A
Blocked-rotor test: 220 V, 3,650 W, 11.3 A, 1,710 rpm
If effective ac resistance of stator per phase is 0.3 ohm, calculate
the following: (a) horsepower output (b) shaft torque (c) efficiency
and (d) load power factor.
Solution:
During no-load test,

𝑃1 = 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿𝑁𝐿

2
𝑆𝐶𝐿𝑁𝐿 = 3 𝐼𝑆𝑁𝐿 𝑅𝑆 2
𝑆𝐶𝐿𝑁𝐿 = 3 6.2 0.3

𝑆𝐶𝐿𝑁𝐿 = 34.596 𝑊

310 = 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 + 34.596

𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 275.404 𝑊

During blocked-rotor test,

𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿𝐹𝐿 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

2
𝑆𝐶𝐿𝐹𝐿 = 3 𝐼𝑆𝐹𝐿 𝑅𝑆 𝑆𝐶𝐿𝐹𝐿 = 3 11.3 2 (0.3)

𝑆𝐶𝐿𝐹𝐿 = 114.921 𝑊

3,650 = 𝑃2 + 114.921 + 275.404 𝑃2 = 3,259.675 𝑊

120 60 1,800 − 1,710

𝑁𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 = 1,800 rpm 𝑠 = 𝑠 = 0.05
4 1,800

𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 𝑠𝑃2 𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 0.05(3,259.675) 𝑅𝐶𝐿 = 162.98 𝑊

(a) For the horsepower output
𝑃1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑅𝐶𝐿 + 𝑆𝐶𝐿𝐹𝐿 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

3,650 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 162.98 + 114.921 + 275.404

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 3,096.695 𝑊
3,096.695
𝐻𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑯𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝟒. 𝟏𝟓 𝑯𝑷
746

(b) For the shaft torque

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 3,096.695
𝑇𝑠ℎ = 9.55 𝑇𝑠ℎ = 9.55
𝑁𝑅 1,710

𝑻𝒔𝒉 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟐𝟗 𝑵 − 𝒎
(c) For the efficiency

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 3,096.695
𝜂= × 100% 𝜂= × 100%
𝑃1 3,650

𝜼 = 𝟖𝟒. 𝟖𝟒%

(d) For the load power factor

3,650
𝑝𝑓 = 𝒑𝒇 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓 𝒍𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒈
3(220)(11.3)