DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
(DBMS)
Presented by
N.Shanmuganathan
INTRODUCTION
Databases are one of the important and useful tools
available to management and information technology
professionals.
Databases provide the foundation for collecting,
organizing, and sharing data across an organization.
Every area of management uses DBMS.
For example, marketing professionals use databases to
analyze sales data, human resource managers to
evaluate employees, financial analyst to analyze a
company’s performance.
DEFINITION
Database:
“A database is a collection of data stored In a
standardized format, designed to be shared by multiple users.”
“A database is a collection of related files. ”
Database Management System(DBMS):
“A database management system is software that defines
a database, stores data, supports query language, produce
reports, and creates data entry screens.”
“DBMS is a set of system software programs that
organizes and maintains the data in a database for providing the
information.”
Database:
Databases are designed to offer an organized mechanism for
storing, managing and retrieving information.
They perform this with the use of tables.
Database consists of columns and rows like excel tables.
Each column contains a different type of attribute and each row
corresponds to a single record.
Databases are actually much more powerful than spreadsheets
in the way you’re able to manipulate data.
Eg : Retrieve all records that match certain criteria
Update records in bulk
Characteristics of Data in Database
Shared -- Data in a database is shared amongst different
users and applications.
Validity/Integrity/Correctness -- Data should be correct with
respect to the real world entity that it represents.
Security – Data should be protected from unauthorized
access.
Consistency -- Whenever more than one data element in a
database represents related real world values, these values
should be consistent with respect to the relationship.
Non-redundancy – No two data items in a database should
represent the same real world entity.
DBMS :
Entire organization is all about data. So every company needs
tools to manage data.
A DBMS provides a secure and sustainable medium for the
storage and retrieval of data.
DBMS allows users and other software to store and retrieve
data in a structured way.
A database management system (DBMS) is designed to manage
a large body of information.
In business community, the updation will be done oftenly. If
they are using file system manipulation. It will not be very fast
and effective
Updation will be done very fast and effectively.
COMPONENTS OF DBMS
DBMS MODELS
The Hierarchical Model:
The earliest DBMS were based on a hierarchical method of
storing data.
It establish logical relationship among various data elements
of multiple file and arrange the elements in a hierarchy.
A record that is having subsidiary records is called Parent, and
the subsidiary records are called children.
It is relatively fast.
The Network Model:
The network model is named from the network of connections
between the data elements.
Each record in a database can have multiple parents.
The relationship among data elements can be many-to-
many(M-M).
In network model a child can have a number of parents, where
as in hierarchical model a child can have only one parent.
The Relational Model:
E.F Codd originated the relational database approach in the
1970s.
Data is represented in using two-dimensional tables, called
relations or flat files.
Made up of columns and rows. Each column represents field or
attribute. Each row represents a record.
It can relate data in two tables, as long as two tables share at
least one common attribute.
The Object Model:
It is one of the important technologies of a new generation of
multimedia web-based applications.
An object consists of data values describing the attributes of
an entity, and the operations that can be performed upon the
data.
It has the major application over the web-based applications.
ADVANTAGES:
Minimal data redundancy
Data concurrency
Data consistency
Sharing of data
Uniform security, privacy, and integrity
Data independence
DISADVANTAGES:
Centralization : That is use of the same program at a time by
many user sometimes lead to loss of some data.
Cost : High cost of software.
Qualified Personnel : Without a qualified DBA nothing will work
longer.
