5.

3 Integration (Substitution Technique)

 f ( g ( x)). g ' ( x) dx   f (u ) du
 F (u )  c
 F ( g ( x))  c

Step 1 : Substitute u = g(x)  du = g’(x) dx

Solution
As we can see that it is similar to
Except that it is replaced by a liner function (3x + 2)
x
4
dx
Let , u = (3x + 2)


4 du
u dx We get , 3
dx
du
dx 
3
Therefore,
1 4
 u dx  3  u du
4


1u  5 
 C
3  5 
5
u
 C
15
Thus,
(3 x  2) 5
  dx  C
4
(3 x 2 )
15
Example 2
Find,
 (4 x  3)( 2 x  3x  5) dx
2 3

Solution:
du
let u  2 x  3x  5
2
 4x  3
dx
1
therefore,  (4 x  3)(u ) 3
du
4x  3
3 1 4
 u du  u  C
4
(2 x  3x  5)
2 4

 (4x  3)(2x  3x  5) dx  C
2 3
4
Example 3
Find, 2x
 x 2  3 dx
Solution:
du
let u  x  3
2
 2x
dx
2 x du 1
therefore,     du  ln | u | C
u 2x u
2x
 x2  3 dx  ln | x 2  3 | C
Example 4
Find, 3x  4 x
2

 x 3  2 x 2  1 dx
Solution:
du
let u  x  2x  1
3 2  3 x 2
 4x
dx
3x 2  4 x du 1
therefore,   2   du
u 3x  4 x u
 ln | u | C
3x 2  4 x
 x 3  2 x 2  1 dx  ln | x  2 x  1 | C
3 2
As we can see from example 3 and 4 , we find that


2 x dx  ln | x 2  3 | c
x 2 3
2

3x  4 x dx  ln | x3  2 x 2  1 | c
 x3  2 x 2  1
thus , we can write

f ' ( x)
 f ( x)
dx  ln | f ( x) | c , f ( x)  0
Example 5
sin x
 2
dx
cos x
Let u = cos x => -du = sin x dx
1
  du
2
u

1
 c
u
1
 c
cos x

 sec x  c
Example 6
 x x  1 dx

u = x+1 => x = u-1

du = dx
1 3 1
 (u  1)u 2
du   (u 2
u 2
)du
5 3
2u 2 2u 2
  c
5 3
5 3
2( x  1) 2
2( x  1) 2
  c
5 3
Exercise 1
Determine the integrals below
6 x  1
3

 6 x  1 dx
2

a) C
A
3t  4
9
3t 
8
N
1
9
4
3 1

b) 
3
dt 2 S C
t 3 9
W
x
2 x3 1 x3
c) e dx E e C
R 3
x S

2
(1  x)  2(1  x) 2  C
3 1
d) dx 2

1 x 3
 Solution :

c)  x e
2 x3
dx a)  6 x  1 dx
 let u  e x3  let u  6 x  1
2 x3 du
 du  3 x e dx  du  6dx   dx
6
du 2 x3
  x e dx 1
  6 x  1dx   u du
3 6
1 1  2 32 
  x e dx   du
2 x3
  u C
3 6 3 
1 1 x3
(6 x  1)
3
 u C  e C 2

3 3  C
9
Exercise 2: By using substitution method,
integrate:-
a.

a. sin x cos x dx

sin x  cos x
c. dx
sin x  cos x Answer:  ln sin x  cos x  c
 2. By using substitution method, integrate:-

sin 4 x
 sin c
3
a. x cos x dx answer:
4

4

 1
2
tan xdx
b. answer: 4
0

cos 3 x 1
answer: c
c.
 sin 2 3x dx 3 sin 3 x

d. sin x  cos x answer:  ln sin x  cos x  c