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Number System

This document discusses different number systems used in computing including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides an overview of each system including what digits they use and their bases. For example, it notes that binary uses only the digits 0 and 1 and has a base of 2 since it uses two digits. The document also describes how to convert between these different number systems using methods like repeated division and multiplying by the base.

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Muhammad BILAL
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1K views28 pages

Number System

This document discusses different number systems used in computing including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. It provides an overview of each system including what digits they use and their bases. For example, it notes that binary uses only the digits 0 and 1 and has a base of 2 since it uses two digits. The document also describes how to convert between these different number systems using methods like repeated division and multiplying by the base.

Uploaded by

Muhammad BILAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Number S y s t e m

CONTENTS
Introduction
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Why Binary?
Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Relationship between Hexadecimal, Octal,
Decimal, and Binary
Number Conversions
INTRODUCTION
In early days when there were no means of
counting, people use to count with the help of
fingers, stones, sticks, etc.
These methods were not adequate and had many
limitations.
Many number system were introduced with the
passage of time like:
Decimal Number System
Binary Number System
Octal Number System
Hexadecimal Number System
Decimal Number System
• It consist of ten digit i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,
9 with the base 10.
• Each number can be used individually or they
can be grouped to form a numeric value as
85,48,35,456 etc.
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
• The Binary Number System consist of only two
digits– 0 and 1.
• Since this system use two digits, it has the
base 2.
• All digital computer use this number system
and convert the data input from the decimal
format into its binary equivalent.
Why Binary?
Since the computer is made up of electronic
components; it can have only two states, either
• On(1)
• Off(0)
The data which is given to the computer is
converted into binary form because a computer
understand only binary language.
It further converts the binary results into their
decimal equivalents for output.
Hexadecimal Number System
The Hexadecimal system use base 16.
It has 16 possible digit symbol.
It use the digit 0 through 9 plus the letters A, B,
C, D, E, and F as the 16 digit symbols.
Relationship between Hexadecimal, Octal,
Decimal, and Binary
Hexadeci Octal Decimal Binary
mal
0 0 0 0000 Notice that each
1 1 1 0001 hexadecimal digit
2 2 2 0010 represent a
3 3 3 0011 group of four
4 4 4 0100 binary digit. It Is
5 5 5 0101 important to
6 6 6 0110
remember that
7 7 7 0111
Hex(Abbreviation
8 10 8 1000
9 11 9 1001
for Hexadecimal)
A 12 10 1010
digit A through F
B 13 11 1011 are equivalent to
C 14 12 1100 the decimal value
D 15 13 1101 10 through 15.
E 16 14 1110
F 17 15 1111
NUMBER CONVERSIONS
Decimal-to-Binary Conversion
The method of converting Decimal to binary is
repeated-division method. For conversion follow
the rules:
1. Divide the given decimal number with the
base 2.
2. Write down the remainder and divide the
quotient by 2.
3. Repeat step 2 till the quotient is zero.
Binary-to-Decimal Conversion
To convert a binary number follow the steps:
1. Multiply each binary number with 2 having the
power 0 for last position, starting from the right
digit.
2. Increase the power one by one, with base as
2.
3. Sum up all the products to get decimal
number.
Decimal-to-Octal
The method of converting Decimal to Octal is
repeated-division method. For conversion follow
the rules:
1. Divide the given decimal number with the
base 8,
2. Write down the remainder and divide the
quotient by 8,
3. Repeat step 2 till the quotient is zero.
Octal-to-Decimal Conversion
To convert a octal number follow the steps:
1. Multiply each Octal number with 8 having the
power 0 for last position, starting from the right
digit.
2. Increase the power one by one, with base as
8.
3. Sum up all the products to get decimal
number.
Octal-to-Binary Conversion
The conversion from octal to binary is performed
by converting each octal digit to its 3-bit binary
equivalent.
The eight possible digits are converted as
indicated below:
Octal Digit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Binary 000 001 010 011 100 101 110 111
Equivalent
Using these conversions, any octal number is
converted to binary by individually converting
each digit.
Decimal-to-Hexadecimal Conversion
The method of converting Decimal to
Hexadecimal is repeated-division method. For
conversion follow the rules:
1. Divide the given decimal number with the
base 16.
2. Write down the remainder and divide the
quotient by 16.
3. Repeat step 2 till the quotient is zero.
Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversion
To convert a Hexadecimal number follow the
steps:
1. Multiply each hexadecimal number with 16
having the power 0 for last position, starting
from the right digit.
2. Increase the power one by one, with base as
16.
3. Sum up all the products to get decimal
number.
Hexadecimal-to-Binary Conversion
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