GLOBAL

POSITIONING
SYSTEM GROUP IV
WHAT IS GLOBAL
POSITIONING
SYSTEM?
 GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM
Global Positioning System or GPS which
works through trilateration, not
triangulation or multilateration. A GPS is
a universal satellite-based navigation
method comprising space segment,
ground control, and users.
 GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM
GPS systems are extremely versatile and can be found in
almost any industry sector. They can be used to map
forests, help farmers harvest their fields, and navigate
airplanes on the ground or in the air. GPS systems are used
in military applications and by emergency crews to locate
people in need of assistance. GPS technologies are often
working in many areas that we do not normally consider.
TRILATERATION
 TRILATERATION
2-D Trilateration is about calculating its
latitude and longitude position on a map.
3-D Trilateration is almost the same as 2-D
trilateration but there will be spheres instead
of circles on your drawing. 3-D position
includes a latitude, longitude, and altitude.
5 MAJOR
CATEGORIES
 5 MAJOR CATEGORIES
1. Location - determining a position
2. Navigation - getting from one location to another
3. Tracking - monitoring object or personal
movement
4. Mapping - creating maps of the world
5. Timing - bringing precise timing to the world
 THREE
SEGMENTS
 THREE SEGMENTS
1.Space Segment - consists of a nominal constellation of 24 operating satellites that
transmit one-way signals that give the current GPS satellite position and time.
2.Control Segment - consists of worldwide monitor and control stations that
maintain the satellites in their proper orbits through occasional command
maneuvers, and adjust the satellite clocks. It tracks the GPS satellites, uploads
updated navigational data, and maintains health and status of the satellite
constellation.
3.User Segment - consists of the GPS receiver equipment, which receives the signal
from the GPS satellites and uses transmitted information to calculate the user’s
three-dimensional position and time.
WHO USES
GPS?
 WHO USES GPS?
Some of the applications that GPS systems are
currently being used for around the world include
mining, aviation, surveying, agriculture, marine,
recreation, and military. These days doctors,
scientists, farmers, soldiers, pilots, hikers, delivery
drivers, sailors, fishermen, dispatchers, athletes,
and people from many other walks of life are using
GPS systems in ways that make their work more
productive, safer, and easier.
 WHO USES GPS?
NovAtel Inc. is a leading provider of precise global
positioning system and augmentation technologies
designed to afford its customers rapid integration and
exceptional return on investment. Targeted at original
equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the company's core
technology is being applied in diversified positioning
markets around the globe. NovAtel is also the prime
supplier of global positioning system ground reference
receivers to national satellite-based augmentation
systems (SBAS) worldwide.
 WHO USES GPS?
NovAtel's family of engines and compact enclosures includes the
company's latest innovations in precise positioning. Features
such as Pulse Aperture Correlator® (PAC) technology, carrier
phase tracking, and USB support are available in most of our
global positioning system products. NovAtel's antennas are
designed to enhance positioning performance with the
company's patented Pinwheel™ technology. All NovAtel receivers
offer the ability to unlock additional functionality as system
requirements evolve with field upgradeable software. Certain
receivers also feature the optional Application Programming
Interface (API) for development of specialized on board
applications.
GPS satellites provide service to civilian and military users. The
civilian service is freely available to all users on a continuous,
worldwide basis. The military service is available to U.S. and
allied armed forces as well as approved Government agencies.

1.Augmentations
A variety of GPS augmentation systems and techniques are
available to enhance system performance to meet specific user
requirements. These improve signal availability, accuracy and
integrity, allowing even better performance than is possible using
the basic GPS civilian service.
2. Performance
The outstanding performance of GPS over
many years has earned the confidence of
millions of civil users worldwide. It has
proven its dependability in the past and
promises to be of benefit to users, throughout
the world, far into the future.
There are different types of navigational satellite
systems from countries across the world, the most
popular and commonly used is the NAVSTAR which
was launched in 1978, a US system. There are also
different systems which are GLONASS from Russia,
IRNSS from India, Bei-Duo-2 from China and
GALILEO from Europe. The Indian and Chinese
systems sit in a geosynchronous orbit above their
countries which means they are not worldwide
systems.
GPS became fully functional in the US by 1995, and it was
first used in cars in 1996. The highest quality signals
were only used for military purposes until May 2000,
when it became available to all civilians for free. Today,
GPS is managed by the US Air Force. Many modern
receivers actually rely on both GPS and the Russian
GLONASS satellites to make their accuracy perfect
anywhere in the world. GPS doesn’t need an internet
connection or a phone signal to function properly, but it
becomes for effective.
GPS system includes 24 satellites deployed in space about 12,000
miles (19, 300 kilometers) above the Earth’s surface. They orbit
the Earth once every 12 hours at an extremely fast pace roughly
7,000 miles per hour (11, 200 kilometers per hour). GPS
satellites are setup in such a way that from almost anywhere on
the surface of Earth there should have a direct line of sight of at
least four GPS satellites. GPS point positioning requires at least
four satellites to calculate three position coordinates and the
clock deviation. Each GPS satellite broadcasts a navigational
message towards Earth which contains an extremely accurate
time stamp (obtained through atomic clocks on-board satellites),
and the satellites also broadcast their position at the time of
broadcast, with all GPS signal broadcasting at 1.57542 GHz (L1
signal) and 1.2276 GHz (L2 signal).
THREE BASIC PARTS OF GPS

• SATELLITES
• GROUND STATIONS
• RECEIVER
THANK YOU!