Programming Fundamentals

C++ Arrays

11/10/2019
Programming Fundamentals by
SHEHZAD LATIF (03134797617)
by

SHEHZAD LATIF
Assistant Professor,
Hajvery University – Lahore
Email: [email protected]

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 C++ Arrays

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SHEHZAD LATIF (03134797617)

Arrays
 In programming, one of the frequently arising problem is to handle numerous
data of same type.

 Consider this situation, you are taking a survey of 100 people and you have to

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store their age. To solve this problem in C++, you can create an integer array
having 100 elements.

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 An array is a collection of data that holds fixed number of values of same type.

For example:

int age[100];
 Here, the age array can hold maximum of 100 elements of integer type.

 The size and type of arrays cannot be changed after its declaration.
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How to declare an array in C++?

dataType arrayName [arraySize];

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For example,

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float mark[5];

Here, we declared an array, mark, of floating-point type and size 5. Meaning, it

can hold 5 floating-point values.

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Elements of an Array and How to access
them?
 You can access elements of an array by using indices.

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 Suppose you declared an array mark as above. The first element is mark[0],
second element is mark[1] and so on.

 C++ Array declaration

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Few key notes:

 Arrays have 0 as the first index not 1. In this example, mark[0] is the

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first element.

 If the size of an array is n, to access the last element, (n-1) index is

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used. In this example, mark[4] is the last element.

 Suppose the starting address of mark[0] is 2120d. Then, the next

address, a[1], will be 2124d, address of a[2] will be 2128d and so on.

It's because the size of float is 4 bytes.

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How to initialize an array in C++
programming?

• It's possible to initialize an array during declaration. For example,

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• int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};Another method to initialize array

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during declaration:

• int mark[] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9};

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Here,

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mark[0] is equal to 19

mark[1] is equal to 10

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mark[2] is equal to 8

mark[3] is equal to 17

mark[4] is equal to 9
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How to insert and print array elements?
int mark[5] = {19, 10, 8, 17, 9}

// change 4th element to 9

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mark[3] = 9;

// take input from the user and insert in third element

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cin >> mark[2];

// take input from the user and insert in (i+1)th element

cin >> mark[i];

// print first element of the array

cout << mark[0];

// print ith element of the array 9

cout >> mark[i-1];
Example: C++ Array
C++ program to store and calculate the sum of 5 numbers entered by the
user using arrays.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

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int main()
{

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int numbers[5], sum = 0;
cout << "Enter 5 numbers: ";
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
{
cin >> numbers[i];
sum += numbers[i];
}
cout << "Sum = " << sum << endl;
return 0; 10
}
 Output

2
4
5
4
3

Sum = 18
Enter 5 numbers:

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SHEHZAD LATIF (03134797617)

Things to remember when working with arrays in C++

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Suppose you declared an array of 10 elements. Let's say,

int testArray[10];

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You can use the array members from testArray[0] to testArray[9].

If you try to access array elements outside of its bound, let's say testArray[14];

the compiler may not show any error. However, this may cause unexpected

output (undefined behavior).

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C++ Multidimensional Arrays

 In C++, you can create an array of an array known as multi-dimensional

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array. For example:

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 int x[3][4];Here, x is a two dimensional array. It can hold a maximum of 12

elements.

 You can think this array as table with 3 rows and each row has 4 columns

as shown below.

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 Three dimensional array also works in a similar way. For example:

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float x[2][4][3];

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 This array x can hold a maximum of 24 elements. You can think this
example as: Each of the 2 elements can hold 4 elements, which
makes 8 elements and each of those 8 elements can hold 3 elements.
Hence, total number of elements this array can hold is 24.

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Multidimensional Array Initialization

 You can initialize a multidimensional array in more than one way.

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 Initialization of two dimensional array

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int test[2][3] = {2, 4, -5, 9, 0, 9};

 Better way to initialize this array with same array elements as above.

int test[2][3] = { {2, 4, 5}, {9, 0 0}};

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Initialization of three dimensional array

int test[2][3][4] =

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{3, 4, 2, 3, 0, -3, 9, 11, 23, 12, 23, 2, 13, 4, 56, 3, 5, 9, 3, 5, 5, 1, 4, 9};

Better way to initialize this array with same elements as above.

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int test[2][3][4] =

{ {3, 4, 2, 3}, {0, -3, 9, 11}, {23, 12, 23, 2} },

{ {13, 4, 56, 3}, {5, 9, 3, 5}, {3, 1, 4, 9} }

};
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Example 1:
Two Dimensional Array C++ Program to display all elements
of an initialized two dimensional array.
#include <iostream> // nested for loops
using namespace std; for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)

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{
int main() for(int j = 0; j < 2; ++j)
{ {

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int test[3][2] = cout<< "test[" << i << "][" <<
{ j << "] = " << test[i][j] << endl;
{2, -5}, }
{4, 0}, }
{9, 1}
}; return 0;
}
// Accessing two dimensional array
using 18
 Output

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test[0][0] = 2
test[0][1] = -5

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test[1][0] = 4
test[1][1] = 0
test[2][0] = 9
test[2][1] = 1

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