Scribd
Upload
146 views

A Polynomial Function P of Degree N Is A Function That Can Be Written in The Form

A polynomial function is a function that can be written as the sum of terms involving variables raised to non-negative integer powers, with the highest non-zero power determining the degree of the polynomial. A rational function is a function defined as the ratio of two polynomial functions, where the denominator is not the zero function. Rational equations and inequalities involve rational expressions set equal to or relating to other rational expressions. They are solved by eliminating denominators to transform them into polynomial equations or inequalities.

Uploaded by

Mariano Gomazana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
146 views

A Polynomial Function P of Degree N Is A Function That Can Be Written in The Form

A polynomial function is a function that can be written as the sum of terms involving variables raised to non-negative integer powers, with the highest non-zero power determining the degree of the polynomial. A rational function is a function defined as the ratio of two polynomial functions, where the denominator is not the zero function. Rational equations and inequalities involve rational expressions set equal to or relating to other rational expressions. They are solved by eliminating denominators to transform them into polynomial equations or inequalities.

Uploaded by

Mariano Gomazana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

A polynomial function p of degree n is a

function that can be written in the form

p(x) = anxn + an-1xn-1 + an-2xn-2 + … + a1x + a0


where a0, a1, …, an ∈ ℝ, an≠0, and n is a positive integer.
Each addend of the sum is a term of the polynomial
function. The constants a0, a1, a2, …, an, are the
coefficients. The leading coefficient is an. The
leading term is anxn , and the constant term is a0.
Lesson 4: Representing
Real-Life Situations Using
Rational Functions
A rational function is a function of the form

𝑝(𝑥)
f(x) = 𝑞(𝑥)
where p(x) and q(x) are polynomial functions
and are not the zero function (i.e., q(x) ≢ 0). The
domain of f(x) is the set of all values of x where
q(x) ≠ 0.
Example 1. An object is to travel a distance of
10 meters. Express velocity v as a function of travel
time t, in seconds.

Solution. The following table of values show


v for various values of t.
t (seconds) 1 2 4 5 10
v (meters per second) 10 5 2.5 2 1
10
The function v(t) = can represent v as a
𝑡
function of t.
5𝑡
Example 2. Suppose that c(t) = (in mg/mL) represents
𝑡2+1
the concentration of a drug in a patient's bloodstream t
hours after the drug was administered. Construct a table of
values for c(t) for t = 1, 2, 5, 10. Round off answers to three
decimal places. Use the table to sketch a graph and
interpret the results.
t 0 1 2 5 10
Solution. c(t) 0 2.5 2 0.962 0.495
Lesson 5: Rational
Functions, Equations, and
Inequalities
A rational expression is an expression that
can be written as a ratio of two polynomials.

Some examples of rational expressions are


The definitions of rational equations, inequalities, and
functions are shown below.

Rational Inequality Rational Function

Definition An equation An inequality A function of the form


involving rational involving rational 𝑝(𝑥)
expressions. f(x) =
expressions. 𝑞(𝑥)
Where p(x) and q(x) are
polynomial
functions and q(x) is not the zero
function (i.e., q(x) ≠ 0).
Example
Lesson 6: Solving Rational
Equations and
Inequalities
To solve a rational equation:

(a)Eliminate denominators by multiplying each


term of the equation by the least common
denominator.
(b)Note that eliminating denominators may
introduce extraneous solutions. Check the
solutions of the transformed equations with the
original equation.
2 3 1
Example 1. Solve for x: - =
𝑥 2𝑥 5
Solution: the LCD of all the denominators is 10x.
Multiply both sides of the equation by 10x and
solve the resolving equation.
2 3 1
10x( ) – 10x( )= 10x( )
𝑥 2𝑥 5
20 – 15 = 2x
5
5 = 2x =x
2
2 3 1
Example 1. Solve for x: - =
𝑥 2𝑥 5
2 3 1
Checking: 5 - 5 =
2( ) 5
2 2
4 6 1
(2 ·
2
) - (2 ·
2
) - =
5 5 5 10 5
8 −6 1 2 1 1 1
= = =
10 5 10 5 5 5
𝑥 1 8
Example 2. Solve for x: - =
𝑥+2 𝑥−2 𝑥2−4

Solution: Factor each denominator in the rational expression.


𝑥 1 8
− =
𝑥 + 2 𝑥 − 2 (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
Multiply the LCD to both sides of the equation to remove the
denominators.
𝑥 1 8
[(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)]( ) – ( ) = [(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)] ( )
𝑥+2 𝑥−2 (𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
𝑥 𝑥−2 − 𝑥+2 =8
𝑥2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0
Upon reaching this step, we can use
strategies for solving polynomial equations.

𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 10 = 0 𝑥+2 𝑥−5 =0
𝑥+2=0 or 𝑥−5=0
𝑥 = −2 or 𝑥=5
Since 𝑥 = −2 makes the original equation
undefined, 𝑥 = 5 is the only solution.
To solve rational inequalities:
2𝑥
Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1
Solution:
(a) Rewrite the inequality as a single rational expression.
2𝑥
-1≥0
𝑥+1
2𝑥 −(𝑥+1) 2𝑥 −𝑥−1 𝑥−1
≥0 ≥0 ≥0
𝑥+1 𝑥+1 𝑥+1
To solve rational inequalities:
2𝑥
Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1
Solution:
(b) The rational expression will be zero for x = 1 and
undefined for x = –1. The value x = 1 is included while
x = –1 is not. Mark these on the number line. Use a
shaded circle for x = 1 (a solution) and an unshaded
circle for x = -1 (not a solution).

-1 1
To solve rational inequalities:
2𝑥
Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1
Solution:
(c) Choose convenient test points in the intervals determined by –1
𝑥−1
and 1 to determine the sign of in these intervals. Construct a
𝑥+1
table of signs as shown below.
Interval 𝒙 < −𝟏 −𝟏 < 𝒙 < 𝟏 𝒙>𝟏
Test Point 𝒙 = −𝟐 𝒙=0 𝒙=𝟐
𝒙−𝟏 - - +
𝒙+𝟏 - + +
𝑥−1 + - +
𝑥+1
To solve rational inequalities:
2𝑥
Solve the inequality ≥1
𝑥+1
Solution:
(d) Since we are looking for the intervals where the rational
expression is positive or zero, we determine the solution
to be the set {x ∈ ℝ⃒ x <-1 or x ≥1 }. Plot this set on the
number line.

-1 0 1

You might also like