BIOCHEMISTRY
Geromil J. Lara, RMT,MSMT
BIOCHEMISTRY
• CREDIT: 5 units (3-2)
– 3 Hours Lecture
– 6 Hours Laboratory
• Grading System
– Lecture = 50%
– Laboratory = 50%
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Grading System
– Lecture = 50%
• Quizzes = 50%
• Long Exam = 50%
– Laboratory = 50%
• Quizzes = 50%
• Written Exam = 50%
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Topic Outline
– Midterm
• Review of Micromolecules
• The Living Cell
• Amino Acids and Proteins
• Enzymes
• Carbohydrates
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Topic Outline
– Finals
• Lipids
• Nucleic Acids
• Metabolisms
• Vitamins and Minerals
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Deals with the study of the chemistry of living
organisms
• Application of the principles and methods of
chemistry to the field of biology and
physiology
• Concerned with the physico-chemical
processes underlying
– Digestion, absorption, circulation, respiration,
metabolism, growth, and reproduction
BIOCHEMISTRY
Why study Biochemistry?
BIOCHEMISTRY
• To describe and explain in molecular terms all
chemical processes of living cells.
• Knowledge in biochemistry is essential to all
life sciences.
• A reciprocal relationship between
biochemistry and medicine has stimulated
mutual advances.
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Normal biochemical processes are the basis of
health.
• Biochemical research has impact on nutrition
and preventive medicine.
• Most and perhaps all disease has biochemical
basis.
BIOCHEMISTRY
• is both a life science and a chemical
science
• it explores the chemistry of living
organisms and the molecular basis for
the changes occurring in living cells
BIOCHEMISTRY
• has become the foundation for
understanding all biological
processes
• it has provided explanations for the
causes of many diseases in humans,
animals and plants
BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemistry
and
Medicine
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Clinical Biochemistry
– Physiological Chemistry
• Normal processes
– Pathological Chemistry
• Abnormal processes
Major Causes of Disease
• Physical Agents: mechanical trauma,
temperature extremes, radiation, electric
shock
• Chemical Agents: toxic compounds, drugs
• Biologic Agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi,
parasites, biochemistry professors
• Genetic Disease
• Oxygen Lack: loss of blood, decreased
oxygen-carrying capacity of blood,
mitochondrial poisoning
Disease Causes (cont.)
• Immunologic Reactions:
anaphylaxis, autoimmune disorders
• Nutritional Imbalances:
deficiencies, excesses
• Endocrine Imbalances: hormonal
deficiencies/excesses
REVIEW OF BIOMOLECULES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
• 2 General Classifications
1. HYDROCARBONS
• Contain only carbon and hydrogen
• ALIPATHIC HYDROCARBONS
– No benzene rings or a derivative of the
benzene ring
– ALKANES, ALKENES, AND ALKYNES
• AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
– Contain a benzene ring or a derivative of
the benzene ring
HYDROCARBONS
ALIPATHIC AROMATIC
Saturated – Unsaturated –
contain single contain 2 or
C-H bond more C-H bond
Alkanes – Alkenes – Alkynes –
contain only contain at least contain at least
single bond one double one triple bond
(ethane) bond (ethene) (ethyne)
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
• General Classifications
2. Substituted Hydrocarbons
• Which one or more hydrogen atoms is
replaced by another atom or group of
atoms
• Functional group
– Is an atom or group of atoms arranged
in a particular way that is primarily
responsible for the chemical and
physical properties of the molecule in
which it is found
HYDROPHOBICITY vs. HYDROPHILICITY
• HYDROPHOBIC • HYDROPHILIC
• Refers to the • Refers to a physical
physical property of property of a
a molecule that is molecule that can
repelled from a mass transiently bond with
of water water (H2O) through
hydrogen bonding
• Alkanes, oils, and
fats
CHEMICAL BONDS
• 2 Principal
Classes
1. Ionic Bonding
• Involves a
transfer of one
or more
electrons from
one atom to
another,
leading to the
formation of an
ionic bond
CHEMICAL BONDS
• 2 Principal
Classes
2. Covalent
Bonding
– Involves a
sharing pairs
of electrons
between
atoms
CHEMICAL BONDS
• H yd r o g e n
Bonding
– H yd r o g e n a t o m
is bonded to a
small, highly
electronegative
atom
NEXT MEETING: THE CELL
