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37778

The document discusses various sampling methods and their objectives: 1. It introduces different sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. 2. It explains key terms used in sampling like population, sample, variable, and describes different types of variables. 3. It provides examples of how to use simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling to select samples from populations.

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Jose Benavente
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211 views

37778

The document discusses various sampling methods and their objectives: 1. It introduces different sampling techniques like simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. 2. It explains key terms used in sampling like population, sample, variable, and describes different types of variables. 3. It provides examples of how to use simple random sampling, systematic sampling, and stratified sampling to select samples from populations.

Uploaded by

Jose Benavente
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBJECTIVES

•illustrates random sampling


•computes the size of the
sample
•solves problems involving
random sampling
is used to formulate
Sampling Sampling Distribution of Statistic

is done to generate to analyze the reliability


of these estimates

Statistics
to approximate
Normal Distribution
is done using
these
methods
Parameters
t - distribution
Simple Random Sampling

Systematic Sampling

Stratified Sampling

Cluster Sampling
BASIC TERMS

• collection or set of units or entities from


Universe
whom we got the data

• characteristic that is observable or


Variable
measurable in every unit of the universe
Population • set of all possible values of a variable

• subgroup of a universe or of a
Sample
population
BROAD CLASSIFICATION OF
VARIABLES

VARIABLES

Qualitative Quantitative

Discrete Continuous
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING (SRS)

Table of Lottery Slovin’s


Random Method Formula
Numbers
SAMPLING METHODS

Probability
Non – probability
sampling (Random
sampling
Sampling)
Non –
probability
sampling

Accidental,
Haphazard, or Purposive
Convenience Sampling
Sampling

Modal Instance Quota Heterogeneity Snowball


Expert Sampling
Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling
ACCIDENTAL, HAPHAZARD, OR
CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
•unsystematic selection of
sample units
•respondents who are easily
accessible
PURPOSIVE SAMPLING

• take samples with a purpose that had


been specified in advance
• need to get samples quickly and
proportionality is not the main concern
MODAL INSTANCE SAMPLING

•Sampling the most


‘typical’ (frequent)
case
EXPERT SAMPLING

• the involvement of experienced and


knowledgeable people in specific areas must
be considered – often they will form a panel
• best way to get the views of those who have
special expertise
• support another sampling approach we have
chosen
QUOTA SAMPLING

• Non – random selections of individuals


based on some predetermined quota

• Proportional sampling
• Non – proportional sampling
HETEROGENEITY SAMPLING

• need to include all opinions or views


• sampling for diversity
• brainstorming processes
• almost the inverse of the modal instance
sampling
SNOWBALL SAMPLING

•additional sample units are


identified by asking previously
picked sample units for people
they know who can be added to
the sample
PROBABILITY OR RANDOM
SAMPLING

PROBABILITY
SAMPLING

Simple Systematic Stratified Cluster (Area)


Multi – stage
Random Random Random Random
Sampling
Sampling Sampling Sampling Sampling
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

Every element of the


population has the same
chance of being selected for
inclusion in the sample.
EXAMPLE 1

A researcher wants to study the effects of social


media on Grade 11 students in Manila
Mathematics High School. He wishes to use the
simple random sampling technique in choosing
the members of his sample. If there are 1,000
Grade 11 students in the school, how many
students should there be in his sample? Discuss
the steps he must take if he wishes to use the
lottery method.
Use Slovin’s Formula.
𝑁
𝑛=
1 + 𝑁𝑒 2
𝑛 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑑
𝑁 = 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝑒 = 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟

1,000
𝑛=
1+ 1,000 0.05 2
= 285.7 or 286
EXAMPLE 2

A Grade 11 student who wants to make a study


on the opinions of Grade 8 students concerning
the use of the Filipino language in the teaching
of mathematics. There are 510 grade 8
students. She wants to interview only 10% of the
grade 8 students in the school where the study
is to be conducted. If you were the student,
how are you going to do it by using a Table of
Random Numbers?
SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING
• elements are selected from the population at a uniform
interval that is measured in time, order, or space
• every kth element of the population is selected

𝑁 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛


𝑘= =
𝑛 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒

𝑘 = 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙
EXAMPLE 1

In a group of 250 students, how will


you select a sample containing 71
students by using systematic
sampling technique?
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

•the population is first divided into


strata and then samples are
randomly selected separately from
each stratum
EXAMPLE 1

You want to interview 200 students in your


school to determine their opinion on the
new school uniform. How are you going to
choose your sample by using stratified
sampling if there are 1 200 students in
grade 7; 1 100 in grade 8; 1 050 in grade 9;
940 in grade 10; 900 in grade 11; and 810 in
grade 12?
Population Size Per Stratum Sample size n=200
Grade 7 1 200 1200
200 = 40
6000
Grade 8 1 100 1100
200 = 37
6000
Grade 9 1 050 1050
200 = 35
6000
Grade 10 940 940
200 = 31
6000
Grade 11 900 900
200 = 30
6000
Grade 12 810 810
200 = 27
6000
Total 6 000 𝟐𝟎𝟎
•Sometimes, the computation
will result to one less than the
value of 𝑛. If this happens,
round up one of the data to
the next integer.
EXAMPLE 2

Marcela, a Statistics student, wants to


determine who care more about their physical
appearances, the male or the female students.
She wants to limit her study in the grade 10
students. There are unequal numbers of grade
10 students: 340 are male and 500 are female.
She wants her sample consist only of 50
students. She chooses the members of her
sample using stratified sampling technique.
CLUSTER OR AREA RANDOM
SAMPLING
• divides the population into groups called clusters, selects a
random sample of clusters, and then, subjects the sampled
clusters to complete the enumeration, that is everyone in
the sampled clusters are made part of the sample

Divide the Measure all units


Randomly sample
population into within sampled
clusters
clusters clusters
EXAMPLE 1

A researcher wants to determine


who among the families in a small
town are using the new detergent
product. How is she going to do this
using the cluster sampling
technique?
Cost

Destructive
Timeliness
Testing
Why do we
resort to
sampling?

Detailed
Accuracy
Information

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