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K.6 Pico

Baiklah, berdasarkan keluhan pasien tersebut, saya akan merumuskan pertanyaan klinis dalam format PICO: P: Pasien dengan keluhan penglihatan kabur I: Konsumsi vitamin untuk kesehatan mata C: Tanpa konsumsi vitamin O: Manfaat terhadap penglihatan Tipe pertanyaan klinis ini adalah pertanyaan efektivitas (effectiveness). Studi yang tepat untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini adalah studi eksperimen seperti

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Steven Fong
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133 views9 pages

K.6 Pico

Baiklah, berdasarkan keluhan pasien tersebut, saya akan merumuskan pertanyaan klinis dalam format PICO: P: Pasien dengan keluhan penglihatan kabur I: Konsumsi vitamin untuk kesehatan mata C: Tanpa konsumsi vitamin O: Manfaat terhadap penglihatan Tipe pertanyaan klinis ini adalah pertanyaan efektivitas (effectiveness). Studi yang tepat untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini adalah studi eksperimen seperti

Uploaded by

Steven Fong
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Evidence-Based Medicine

See a
patient Ask a question Seek the best
evidence

Monitor the change Apply the evidenceAppraise that evidenc


Steps in EBM Practice
1.Formulate clinical problems in answerable
questions
2.Search the best evidence: use internet or
other on-line database for current evidence
3.Critically appraise the evidence for VIA:
Validity : Methodology
Importance: Result
Applicability: Discussion, patient, local
setting
4.Apply the evidence to patient
5.Evaluate our performance
Ask Clinical Questions
Components of Clinical Questions

P I C O
Patient Intervention Comparison Outcomes
Or
Problem
Pada pasien Apakah tx awal dibanding Menurunkan morta
dengan MIA dengan statin plasebo litas kardiovaskuler?

Pada wanita dg Seberapakah dibanding Untuk menegakkan


Risiko PJK Akurasi ECHO EKG Diagnosis CAD

Pada wanita post- Apakah terapi dibanding tanpa Meningkatkan risiko


menopaus sulih hormon (HRT) Pemberian HRT Ca mammae?
Clinical Questions
In a child with Kawasaki disease, will echo
examination necessary for early detection
of cardiac involvement? (Dx)

In a child with Kawasaki disease in acute


phase, dose administration of intravenous
immunoglobulin decrease the likelihood of
developing coronary involvement? (Rx)

In a child with Kawasaki disease without


coronary involvement in acute stage, does
administration of long term aspirin reduce
the possibility of delayed coronary
involvement? (Px)
Scenario Case
A 2 year old patient with a 12 month history of recurrent
wheezing, cough, dyspnea & mucopurulent nasal
discharge. There are no smokers in the household and all
pets have been removed. Antibiotics and anti histamines
have been tried without sustained benefit. Physical
examination demonstrates normal growth & normal vital
signs. Thick yellow nasal discharge is noted and bilateral
expiratory wheezes are heard on chest auscultation.

This scenario raises multiple Qs, and the focus here will
be: When is antibiotic therapy indicated?

What is your CQ in PICO format?


What type of CQ is this?
What is the best study design to answer this type of CQ?
Searching steps
1. Define the clinical question
(remember: P-I-C-O)
2. Extract keywords from the question
3. Determine a search strategy
4. Evaluate search results
5. Revise search strategy (if needed)
based on above results
PICO
Key Words

Search
Best current evidence
Seorang bapak datang ke dokter dengan
keluhan penglihatannya makin lama makin
kabur. Padahal selama ini ia selalu
mengkonsumsi vitamin-vitamin untuk
kesehatan matanya.

Ia bertanya kepada ANDA apakah ada


manfaat vitamin yang dikonsumsinya
selama ini?

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