Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

Chapter 1:
Introduction to the World
of Computers
 Computers in Your Life

• Mengapa belajar komputer?

– Pervasive computing / ubiquitous computing
• Komputer telah menjadi bagian dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari
– Basic computer literacy
• Mengetahui dan mengerti penggunaan
komputer adalah skill penting bagi setiap
orang.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

2
 Computers in Your Life

• sebelum 1980
– Komputer sangat besar dan mahal
– Jarang orang yang mengaksesnya
• Microcomputers pada awal tahun 80
– Personal Computer murah
– Penggunaan computer meningkat
• Sekarang
– Lebih dari 80% dari rumah tangga telah mengintegrasikan
computer
– Peralatan elektronik telah menyatu dalam satu unit dengan
berbagai kemampuan

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

3
 Computers in the Home

• Beberapa pekerjaan yang dilakukan dengan

menggunakan computer::
– Pencarian informasi
– pertukaran e-mail
– Belanja dan pembayaran tagihan
– Melihat TV dan Video
– Downloading music and movies
– Organizing digital photographs
– Playing games
– Telecommuting

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

4
 Computers in the Home

• Convergence
– Dual-mode mobile phones
• Wireless networking
– Computers can be used in nearly any location
• Smart appliances
– Traditional appliances with built-in computer or
communication technology
• Smart homes
– Household tasks are monitored and controlled by
a main computer in the house

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

5
 Computers in Education

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

6
 Computers on the Job

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

7
 Computers on the Go

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

8
 What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

• Komputer: sebuah peralatan elektronik yang dapat

deprogram, menerima data dan melakukan operasi
pada data serta menyimpannya
• Operasi dasarnya
– Input: masukkan data ke komputer
– Processing: Mengolah data
– Output: Menampilkan hasil
– Storage: Menyimpan data
– Communications: Menerima dan mengirim data

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

9
 What Is a Computer and What Does It Do?

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

10
 Data vs. Information

• Data
– Raw, unorganized facts
– Can be in the form of text, graphics, audio, or
video
• Information
– Data that has been processed into a meaningful
form
• Information processing
– Converting data into information

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

11
 Computers Then and Now

• Setiap generasi dikarakteristikkan dengan

pengembangan teknologi
• Precomputers and early computers (before 1946)
– Abacus

– Punch Card Tabulating Machine and Sorter

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

12
 Computers Then and Now

• First-generation computers (1946-1957)

– vacuum tubes
– ENIAC and UNIVAC

• Second-generation computers (1958-1963)

– transistors
– Punch cards and magnetic tape were used to
input and store data

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

13
 Computers Then and Now

• Third-generation computers (1964-1970)

– Used integrated circuits (ICs)
– Keyboards and monitors introduced

• Fourth-generation computers (1971-present)

– Use microprocessors

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

14
 Computers Then and Now

• Fifth-generation (now and the future)

– Infancy stage
– No precise classification
– May be based on artificial intelligence (AI)
– Likely use voice and touch input
– May be based on optical computers and utilize
nanotechnology

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

15
 Hardware

• Hardware: The physical parts of a computer

– Internal hardware
• Located inside the main box (system unit) of
the computer
– External hardware
• Located outside the system unit
• Connect to the computer via a wired or wireless
connection
– There is hardware associated with all five
computer operations

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

16
 Hardware

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

17
 Hardware

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

18
 Software

• Software: The programs or instructions used to tell

the computer hardware what to do
– System software: Operating system starts up the
computer and controls its operation
• Without OS computer cannot function
• Boots the computer and launches programs at
the user’s direction
• Most use a GUI to interact with the user via
windows, icons, menus, buttons, etc.
• Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc.

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

19
 Software

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

20
 Application Software

– Application software: Performs specific tasks or

applications
• Creating letters, budgets, etc.
• Managing inventory and customer databases
• Editing photographs
• Scheduling appointments
• Viewing Web pages
• Sending and receiving e-mail
• Recording / playing CDs/DVDs
• Designing homes
• Playing games
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
21
 Thin Clients and Internet Appliances

• Thin client or network computer (NC): peralatan yang

didesain untuk mengakses sebuah jaringan untuk
memproses dan menyimpan data
– Biayanya murah, mudah perawatannya
– Tidak memiliki penyimpanan lokal
– Tidak dapat berfungsi sebagai computer bila
jaringan putus
• Internet appliance: jaringan computer yang secara
khusus dibuat untuk akses internet

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

22
 Thin Clients and Internet Appliances

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

23
 Midrange Servers

• Midrange server: computer dengan ukuran sedang

yang digunakan untuk tempat program dan data
yang diakses pada jaringan yang kecil
– Pengguna/Users terhubung ke jaringan lewat
computer atau thin computer

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

24
 Mainframe Computers

• Mainframe computer: Komputer yang canggih

digunakan oleh beberapa perusahaan besar untuk
memanage sebagian besar data yang terpusat
• Beberapa perusahaan besar diantaranya rumah
sakit, universitas, bank, kantor pemerintahan

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

25
 Supercomputers

• Supercomputer: tercepat, termahal, computer yang

paling canggih
– Secara umum digunakan untuk eksplorasi
angkasa, petunjuk misil, satelit, peramalan cuaca,
eksplorasi minyak, penelitian, system pengambil
keputusa,, dll

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

26
 Quick Quiz

1. A tablet PC is an example of a(n) _____________.

a. Desktop computer
b. Portable PC
c. Internet appliance
2. True or False: The terms mainframe computer and
supercomputer are interchangeable; both refer to the
largest, most powerful computers.
3. A smartphone is an example of a(n) _____________.
Answers: ???

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

27
 Answer Quiz

1) b; 2) False; 3) mobile device

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

28
 Computer Networks and the Internet

• Computer network: sekumpulan dari perangkat keras

dan peralatan lainnya yang saling terhubung satu
dengan lainnya
– Users dapat menshare hardware, software, and data
– Users dapat berkomunikasi satu dengan yang lainnya
• Network servers: mengatur resource dalam sebuah
jaringan
• Clients: Mengakses resource melalui network server

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

29
 Computer Networks and the Internet

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

30
 What Are the Internet and the
World Wide Web?

• Internet: The largest and most well-known computer

network in the world
• Individuals connect to the Internet using an Internet
service provider (ISP)
• World Wide Web: One resource (a vast collection of
Web pages) available through the Internet
– Web sites contain Web pages stored on Web
servers
– Web pages viewed using a Web browser (Internet
Explorer, Chrome, Safari, Firefox, Opera, etc.)
• A wide variety of information is available through the
Web

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

31
 Accessing a Network or the Internet

• Need a modem or network adapter

• Some networks require a username and password
• Internet connections can be:
– Direct (always-on) connections
– Dial-up connections
• Internet addresses are used to access resources on
the Internet
– IP address: Numeric address that identifies computers
(207.46.197.32)
– Domain name: Text-based address that identifies
computers (microsoft.com)
– Uniform resource locator (URL): Identifies Web pages
(http://twitter.com/jobs/index.html)
– E-mail address: Identifies people for e-mail exchange
([email protected])
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
32
 IP Addresses and Domain Names

• IP addresses are numeric and

unique
• Domain names: Correspond to
IP addresses
– Top-level domains (TLDs)
identifies type of organization
or its location
– Custom TLDs may soon be
allowed

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

33
 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

• URL: Uniquely identifies a Web page

– Consists of:
• Protocol or standard being used
• Identification of the Web server
• Names of folders in which the Web page file is
stored
• Web page’s filename
• Protocols:
– Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http://) is typically
used to display Web pages (https:// is used for
secure Web pages)
– File Transfer Protocol (ftp://) is often used for file
exchange
Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition
34
 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs)

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

35
 E-Mail Addresses

• E-mail addresses consist of:

– Username: A person’s identifying name for a
particular domain
– The @ symbol
– Domain name for the computer that will be
handling the person’s e-mail (mail server)
• Pronouncing Internet addresses

Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, 13th Edition

36