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Chapter 1 - Introduction To Mechanics

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics. It discusses that mechanics is the science that describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under forces. Mechanics has two main branches - statics, which deals with bodies at rest, and dynamics, which deals with bodies in motion. The basic concepts of mechanics are space, time, mass, and force. Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation are also introduced. Finally, the document outlines problem-solving strategies in mechanics.

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298 views

Chapter 1 - Introduction To Mechanics

This document provides an introduction to engineering mechanics. It discusses that mechanics is the science that describes and predicts the conditions of rest or motion of bodies under forces. Mechanics has two main branches - statics, which deals with bodies at rest, and dynamics, which deals with bodies in motion. The basic concepts of mechanics are space, time, mass, and force. Newton's three laws of motion and the law of universal gravitation are also introduced. Finally, the document outlines problem-solving strategies in mechanics.

Uploaded by

rushdi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO
MECHANICS

DKK2363 ENGINEERING MECHANICS


WHAT IS MECHANICS??

Mechanics is the science which describes and predicts the


conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of
forces.

Mechanics is an applied science since it deals with the study of


physical phenomenon.

Mechanics is the foundation of most engineering sciences and


is a crucial requirement to their study.
BRANCHES OF MECHANICS

Statics
Rigid Bodies (dealing with bodies at rest)
(do not change shape) Dynamics
Deformable Bodies (dealing with bodies in motion)
Mechanics
(change shape)
Incompressible Fluids
Fluids
Compressible Fluids
What may happen if static's is not applied properly?
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS & PRINCIPLES
The basic concept used in mechanics are space, time, mass and force
• Space - associated with the notion of the position of a point P given in
terms of three coordinates measured from a reference point or origin.
• Time - definition of an event requires specification of the time at
which it occurred.
• Mass - used to characterize and compare bodies, e.g., response to earth’s
gravitational attraction and resistance to changes in translational motion.
• Force - represents the action of one body on another. A force is
characterized by its point of application, magnitude, and direction, i.e.,
a force is a vector quantity. Mathematical expressions possessing magnitude and
direction, which add according to the parallelogram law

Parallelogram law
Two force acting on a particle may be replaced
by a single force, called their resultant
In Newtonian Mechanics, space, time, and mass are absolute concepts,
independent of each other. Force, however, is not independent of the other
three. The force acting on a body is related to the mass of the body and the
variation of its velocity with time, F=ma.

Principle of Transmissibility – conditions of equilibrium or of motion of


rigid body will remain unchanged if a force acting at a given point of the
rigid body is replaced by a force of the same magnitude and same direction,
but acting at a different point.
NEWTON’S THREE FUNDAMENTAL LAWS
• Newton’s First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle will
remain at rest or continue to move in a straight line with constant speed.

• Newton’s Second Law: A particle will have an acceleration proportional to a


nonzero resultant applied force.
 
F  ma
• Newton’s Third Law: The forces of action and reaction between two particles
have the same magnitude and line of action with opposite sense.

Newton’s Law of Gravitation: Two particles are attracted with equal and
opposite forces,
Constant of
r m gravitation
F Mm
-F F G
r2
M
SYSTEMS OF UNITS

Length, mass and time are the fundamental dimensions while


force is the derived dimension
A magnitudes assigned to the dimensions are called units
F=m*a
• Force units can be formed by combination of primary units
• example: m= x kg ; a= y m/s2  F= kg ∙ m/s2
Conversion factors were used in order to convert the units from
one system to another system
RULES FOR USING SI SYMBOLS

No Plurals (e.g., m = 5 kg not kgs )


Separate Units with a • (e.g., meter second = m • s )

Most symbols are in lowercase (some exception are N, Pa)


Exponential powers apply to units , e.g., cm2 = cm • cm
NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

Must have dimensional “homogeneity.” Dimensions have to be


the same on both sides of the equal sign, (e.g. distance = speed 
time.)

Use an appropriate number of significant figures (3 for answer, at


least 4 for intermediate calculations).

Be consistent when rounding off.


• ≥ 5, round up (3528  3530)
• < 5, round down (0.03521  0.0352)
PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY: IPE

1. Interpret Read carefully and determine what is given and what is


to be found/delivered. Ask, if not clear. If necessary,
make assumptions and indicate them.

2. Plan Think about major steps (or a road map) that you will take to
solve a given problem. Think of alternative/creative
solutions and choose the best one.

3. Execute Carry out your steps. Use appropriate diagrams and


equations. Estimate your answers. Avoid simple
calculation mistakes. Reflect on / revise your work.
EXERCISES

1. The subject of mechanics deals with what happens to a body when


______ is / are applied to it.
A) magnetic field B) heat C) forces
D) neutrons E) lasers

2. ________________ still remains the basis of most of today’s


engineering sciences.
A) Newtonian Mechanics B) Relativistic Mechanics
C) Euclidean Mechanics C) Greek Mechanics
EXERCISES

1. For a static’s problem your calculations show the final answer as


12345.6 N. What will you write as your final answer?
A) 12345.6 N B) 12.3456 kN C) 12 kN
D) 12.3 kN E) 123 kN

2. In three step IPE approach to problem solving, what does P stand


for
A) Position B) Plan C) Problem
D) Practical E) Possible
END OF THE LECTURE
THANK YOU

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