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Lecture 5 Equillibrium of Forces

This document discusses equilibrium of forces. It defines equilibrium as a state where opposing forces are balanced, resulting in no net force. Static equilibrium occurs when a body at rest experiences zero net force and dynamic equilibrium when a body in uniform motion experiences zero net force. Equilibrium conditions require the net force and net moment on an object to be zero. Lami's theorem and analytical methods using force and moment equations can analyze equilibrium of three or more coplanar concurrent forces. Free body diagrams graphically represent only the forces on a body.

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Awais Ahmed Mirza
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223 views41 pages

Lecture 5 Equillibrium of Forces

This document discusses equilibrium of forces. It defines equilibrium as a state where opposing forces are balanced, resulting in no net force. Static equilibrium occurs when a body at rest experiences zero net force and dynamic equilibrium when a body in uniform motion experiences zero net force. Equilibrium conditions require the net force and net moment on an object to be zero. Lami's theorem and analytical methods using force and moment equations can analyze equilibrium of three or more coplanar concurrent forces. Free body diagrams graphically represent only the forces on a body.

Uploaded by

Awais Ahmed Mirza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EQUILIBRIUM

OF FORCES
WHAT IS EQUILIBRIUM?

• We have discussed the various methods of finding out resultant force, when a
particle is acted upon by a number of forces.
• A little consideration will show, that if the net resultant of a number of forces,
acting on a particle is zero, the particle will be in equilibrium.
• Such a set of forces, acting on a body whose resultant is zero, are called
equilibrium forces and the body is said to be in equilibrium
• The force, which brings the set of forces in equilibrium is called an equilibrant.
WHAT IS EQUILIBRIUM?

9 lb

R=0
• If the magnitude and direction of the
forces acting on an object are exactly 5 lb 5 lb
balanced, then there is no net force acting
on the object and the object is said to be
in equilibrium.
• Conditions of Equilibrium 9 lb

– σF = 0
– σM = 0
SIMPLY

• A state in which opposing forces are balanced.


STATIC & DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM

Static Equilibrium V=0


If the combined effect of all the forces
acting on a body is zero and the body
is in the state of rest then its
equilibrium is termed as static
equilibrium.

V = constant nonzero
Dynamic Equilibrium
when a body is in state of uniform
motion and the resultant of all forces
acting upon it is zero then it issaid to be
in dynamic equilibrium.
CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM

1st Condition
Net force on the object is zero

෍ 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑁𝑒𝑡=0
CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM

1st Condition
Net force on the object is zero

෍ 𝐹 = 𝐹𝑁𝑒𝑡=0
CONDITIONS OF EQUILIBRIUM

2nd Condition
Net moment on the object is zero

෍ 𝑀 = 𝑀𝑁𝑒𝑡=0

Note: A rotating body can also be


in equilibrium if its rate of rotation
is constant and remains unchanged
by the forces acting on it.
STUDYING EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES
5N

• The force, which brings the set of


forces in equilibrium is called an 60° R=5N
Equilibrant (E). 60°

• The Equilibrant is equal to the 5N

Resultant Force (R) in magnitude, 5N


but opposite in direction.

60° E =5 N
E
60°
R

5N
TYPES OF STATIC EQUILIBRIUM

1. Stable equilibrium
The body returns back to its original
position of equilibrium, after it is slightly
displaced from its position of rest.
2. Unstable equilibrium
The body does not return back to its
original position, and heels farther away, after
slightly displaced from its position of rest.
3. Neutral equilibrium
The body occupies a new position (and
remains at rest in this position) after slightly
displaced from its position of rest.
METHODS FOR THE EQUILIBRIUM OF
COPLANAR FORCES
• Though there are many methods of studying the equilibrium of forces, yet the following are
important
1. Analytical method. 2. Graphical method.
EQUILIBRIUM OF THREE FORCES (ANALYTICAL
METHOD) ONLY VALID FOR COPLANAR
CONCURRENT
LAMI’S THEOREM
“If three concurrent coplanar forces acting at a point be in equilibrium, then each force
is proportional to the sine of the angle between the other two.”
LIMITATIONS

• Only three forces


• Concurrent Coplanar Forces
EQUILIBRIUM OF MORE THAN OR LESS
THAN THREE FORCES (ANALYTICAL
METHOD)
• Equilibrium of more than Three Forces or less than three forces can be find out by conditions
of Equilibrium i.e.
– σ F = 0 it means ΣFx=0 as well as Σ Fy= 0
– σM = 0
• These conditions can also be used for non-concurrent forces
EXAMPLE OF THREE CONCURRENT
COPLANAR FORCES
FREE BODY DIAGRAM

• A free body diagram is a graphic or symbolic representation of the


body (structure, object or any body) in which all connecting
"pieces" have been removed.
• A FBD is a convenient method to model the structure, structural
element. Instead of supports and contacting surfaces/bodies, the
reactive forces exerted by them on the free body is shown along
with all applied forces
PROCEDURE FOR DRAWING A FBD

• 1. Draw outlined shape - Isolate particle from its surroundings


• 2. Show all the forces - Indicate all the forces –
• 3. Identify each forces - Known forces should be labelled with
proper magnitude and direction
EQUILLIBRIUM OF THREE FORCES - EXAMPLE

Problem 1 An electric light fixture weighting 15 N


hangs from a point C, by two strings AC and BC. The
string AC is inclined at 60° to the horizontal and BC
at 45° to the horizontal as shown in Fig. 5.3. Using
Lami’s theorem. Determine the forces in the strings
AC and BC.
B
AN OBJECT OF WEIGHT 50N IS
SUSPENDED FROM A CEILING THROUGH A
STRING. FORCE OF MAGNITUDE 20 N IS
APPLIED AT MIDDLE OF STRING
.CALCULATE TENSION IN STRING AND
ANGLE OF INCLINATION OF THE STRING
FROM VERTICAL DIRECTION.
sin (90° + θ) = cos θ
Sin (180- θ)= sin θ
NOW FIND FORCE IN STRING (HW)

• Answer B=54 N

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