Forest change and fragmentation analysis using advanced geospatial Technology in

Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India

Pre -PhD Seminar

19th September 2019

Saurabh Kumar Gupta

CUJ/P/2013/PHDLRM/002

PhD Supervisor
Prof. A.C. Pandey

Department of Geoinformatics
Central University of Jharkhand
 Basic Info

Name Saurabh Kumar Gupta

Reg No CUJ/P/2013/PhDLRM/002
Date of Reg. 25/09/2013
Mentor Prof. Arvind Chandra Pandey

RAC Members
• Prof. A.C. Pandey, Head, DGI : Supervisor & Member, Ex-Officio
Chairman
• Dr. Amit Kumar, DGI : Member
• Dr. Manoj Kumar, Head, DEVS : Member
• Dr. K Lal, DGI : Member
 Objectives

1. Spatio - temporal forest cover change detection using

remote sensing techniques.
2. Forest transformation assessment with focus on forest
fragmentation
3. Estimation of the potential and performance of spectral
indices for forest canopy cover assessment
4. Analysis of forest canopy health parameters using
multispectral satellite images
Study Area

It lies between the

latitude 240 09' - 240
13’
and longitude
850 20' - 850 28'.
Comprehensive Methodology
 Chapter 1 (INTRODUCTION)

Chapter 1 : Introduction

• This Chapter includes the context or the general background of the

study, literature review, aims, objectives and the introduction of the
study area.
• It also present the overall structure of the Thesis.
 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

 This chapter is discussed three different sub objectives :

1: Forest Cover Change Analysis Using FCD model

2: Forest Fragmentation analysis using Ritter’s Model
 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Methodology
 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Methodology: Forest Cover Change

The Landsat TM bands and Landsat OLI were normalized using linear transformation

Forest canopy density calculated from the formula given in equation 2.3.

FCD = (VD x ASI + 1)1/2 – 1 (2.3)

 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Table : Forest Cover and with its image interpretation key and classification based on FCD

D
o

o
o

n
n

p
P
C

C
e

e
e

e
T

y
v

S
F

x
s
r

r
t

t
t
VDF Dark Red Medium Varying Rough >70%

MDF Medium Red Medium to Low Varying Rough 40-70%

OF Light Red Medium to Low Varying rough 10-40%

NF Greyish/whitish Fine and coarse Irregular/regular Smooth 5-10% (Scrub)

and Light red and varying
0-5% (Others)
molted

Six forest fragmented classes were prepared as given below.

Core, if density = 100% perforated, if density > 60% and density is greater than
connectivity edge, if density > 60% and density is less than connectivity
transitional, if density is between 40% and 60% patch, if density is less than 40%.
 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Result and Discussion: Forest Cover Change

a b

c d
 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Spatio- Temporal Forest Cover Analysis

 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Spatio-temporal Forest Fragmentation analysis

 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

Forest Cover Changes Forest Fragmentation Changes

 Chapter 2
Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change Detection and Fragmentation Analysis

AVI BI

SI TI
 Field Photographs
• Chapter 2
• Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change
Detection andChapter 2
• Spatio Temporal Forest Cover Change
Detection and Fragmentation Analysis
• Fragmentation Analysis
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

This chapter is discussed under Three different sub objectives :

1. Forest transformation analysis
2. Forest connectivity analysis
3. Forest loss examination from forest transformation
4. Relationship of forest transformation with forest connectivity
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Atmospheric Correction by
Landsat Data 1992 Field Data
6S model and DOS
to 2017

Accuracy
Atmospheric Assessment
FCD Model
Correction
(FLAASH)

SMACC
Endmember Canopy density Forest Cover
Extraction

Species & Shadow GIS

Abundance Relationship

Transformation

GIS

Forest Patch Forest Loss

Creation

Landscape Connectivity
Changes
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

SMACC tool uses convex cone algorithm for endmember extraction defined as H:

𝑁
H (c, i) = 𝑘𝑅 𝐶, 𝑘 𝐴(𝑘𝑗)
where:
i is the pixel index; j and k are the endmember indices from 1 to the expansion length, N; R is a
matrix that contains the endmember spectra as columns; c is the spectral channel index; A is a
matrix that contains the fractional contribution (abundance) of each endmember j in each
endmember k for each pixel

Connectivity [116] calculated from the formula (equation 2).

σ𝑚 𝑛
𝑖=1 σ𝐽=𝑘 𝐶𝑖𝑗𝑘
𝑐𝑜𝑛 = (𝑛𝑖 (𝑛𝑖 −1)
σ𝑚
𝑖=1 2
Table 3. 11
7 Pair
Normalized
wise comparison
matrix ofmatrix
the variable
of the variable
for physical
for physical
sensitivity
sensitivity
index index
8 Pair
Table 3. 13
Normalized
9 Pair
wise comparison
Normalized
matrix ofmatrix
wise comparison
matrix ofmatrix
Chapter 3
Table 3. 15 Computation of consistency ratio (CR)
Table 3. 12 the variable
of the variable
the variable
for socialfor
of the variable
sensitivity
for adaptive
social sensitivity
for adaptive
index index
capacity capacity
index index
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Spatio-temporal changes in landscape connectivity from 1992 to 2017

 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Spatial variability of forest transformation in the period

 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Connectivity Changes 1992 to 2017 Forest Cover Transformation

250 200

180

160
200

140

120

AREA (KM SQ.)

150
AREA(SQ. KM.)

100

80

100
60

40

50 20

MDF to MDF
NF to MDF

SB to OF

SB to VDF

MDF to NF
MDF to SB
NF to SB

OF to MDF

MDF to VDF

VDF to MDF
SB to MDF

OF to NF

MDF to OF
NF to NF

OF TO OF
NF to OF

NF to VDF
SB to NF
SB to SB

OF to SB

OF to VDF

VDF to NF
VDF to SB

VDF to VDF
VDF to OF
0
0-20% 20 - 40% 40-60% 60-80% 80-100%
1992 to 2005 2005 to 2010 2010 to 2017 1992 to 2017
1992 2005 2010 2017
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Percentage change of different forest cover based on transformed period in the three period of transformation
a)1992 to 2005 b) 2005 to 2010, c)2010 to 2017
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Relationship between forest connectivity and forest

cover by scatter plot matrix a) 1992 b) 2005 c)2010
d) 2017
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Relationship between forest transformation and connectivity (1992-2005) & (2005 -2010)
 Chapter 3
Forest transformation effect on forest landscape connectivity and forest loss

Relationship between forest transformation and connectivity (2010 -2017)& (1992 to 2017)
Field Photographs
 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application
Methodology
 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Spectral vegetation index used in the study area

 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Fraction of vegetation cover (FCOVER) map

of the wildlife sanctuary
 Chapter 4
Mapping and Monitoring of Ecological Sensitive Zone Using Geoinformatics

Scatter plot matrix for regression analysis of FCOVER with VIs

 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Spatiotemporal map of FCOVER (1997 to 2017)

 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Temporal Variation of FCOVER

1

0.8

0.6

0.4
Fcover Value

0.2

0
fcover1997 fcover2000 fcover2005 fcover2008 fcover_2013 fcover2017
-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-0.8

MEAN MIN MAX STDDEV

The temporal variation of FCOVER

 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Map Intra Annual Variation of FCOVER

 Chapter 4
Estimating potential of spectral indices in fractional vegetation cover analysis and
its application

Monthly variation of FVC with Climatic parameters Variance of FVC with climatic Parmeters
200 1 0.025 200

180 0.9
180
160 0.8
0.02 160
140 0.7

120 0.6 140

100 0.5
0.015 120
80 0.4

60 0.3 100

40 0.2 0.01 80
20 0.1
60
0 0
0.005 40

20
Precipitation(mm) Temperature(Celsius)Min
Temperature(Celsius)Max FVC_VAR 0 0

FVC_MEAN FVC_MIN Precipitation(mm) Temperature(Celsius)Min

FVC_Max FVC_STDDEV Temperature(Celsius)Max FVC_VAR
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon

This chapter comprises two sub-objectives:

1. Forest health dynamics in pre and post monsoon
2. Relationship of Chlorophyll to forest health
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon

Methodology
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon

Representing forest health vegetation indices of the month May and October
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon
 Chapter 5
Analysis of forest health dynamics in Pre and Post Monsoon
 Chapter 6
Spatio temporal changes of chlorophyll content

Sentinel 2 A derived vegetation indices and Chlorophyll content

 Chapter 6
Spatio temporal changes of chlorophyll content

Landsat derived vegetation indices and Chlorophyll content

 Chapter 6
Spatio temporal changes of chlorophyll content

Spatio temporal trajectory of PVI

 Chapter 6
Spatio temporal changes of chlorophyll content

Spatio temporal variation of Chlorophyll

content (CC) from 1997 to 2017
 Chapter 6
Spatio temporal changes of chlorophyll content

180
PVI CHANGES
160

0.05
140

0
PVI_1997 PVI_2000 PVI_2005 PVI_2008 PVI_2013 PVI_2017 120

-0.05
100

-0.1
80

-0.15 60

-0.2 40

20
-0.25

0
-0.3 chl1997 chl2000 chl2005 chl2008 chl2013 chl2017
MEAN MIN MAX
MEAN MAX STDDEV
Linear (MEAN) Linear (MIN) Linear (MAX)
 Chapter 7
Summary and Conclution

1. The result suggested the forest changes and fragmentation in the HWS
persistent in future likely to be more worsened. The core area disintegrates
and patches will increase. The increasing trend of open forest will rise to
edge effects and increases the mortality of trees. The transformation of
forest to agriculture and built-up giving rise to further degradation and
discontinuity in the forest (transitional effect).
2. Loss of forest cover will be continuing after 2017 because of forest
transformation in tropical Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary. The trend of
forest loss and loss in landscape connectivity mainly from 2005 to 2017
are of serious concern. The core area of forest which have high density of
canopy cover are degrading and fragmenting. Forest are losing high
connectivity zones which are important for species movement. Therefore,
to improve forest connectivity and conservation strategies effort should
made.
 Chapter 7
Summary and Conclution

1. The lower level of FCOVER shows the condition of the forest is not good.
The FCOVER and VIs show positive and linear relationships among
them, but NDVI and PSSRA shows the high relationship both by
observing the thresholds of VIs in vegetation cover and from regression
analysis
2. Weather variability influences forest health
3. The chlorophyll content shows declining from 1997 to 2017 indicates
forest health declining and can become worse in future. This is because
landscape fragmentation, pollution and anthropogenic influence.
 Workshop
Workshop
• Workshop on “Career Counseling” organized by Quark Ensemble in
collaboration with tech-A-Mania held at Central university, Jharkhand,
Brambe (6-7 October, 2015).
• “International Workshop on Time Series Satellite Data Processing for
Understanding Space- Time dynamics” organized by Department of remote
sensing Birla, Institute of technology, Ranchi (NOV.26 to 27, 2015)
• National workshop on Techniques in Hyperspectral data analysis and
Processing (29th May -03rd June 2017) Organized by institute of
Environment and Sustainable Development, BHU Department of Physics
(Indian Institute of technology, BHU, Varanasi (India).
• Workshop on “Referencing tools” at Central University of Jharkhand,
Ranchi (27 & 28 Nov.2017).
• National Workshop on “Popularization of Remote Sensing based Maps &
Geospatial Information Jointly Organized by ISRO and ISRS” (11 August,
2017).
 Trainings
Training
1. Training Course on Aquifer Management local ground water issues held at
Central university, Jharkhand, Brambe (11/03/2014) to (15/03/2014) under
the Aegis of Rajiv Gandhi National water training and research institute,
Raipur, India.
2. “Course on Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System & Global
Navigation Satellite System” from Indian Institute of Remote Sensing
(ISRO) at EDUCET held at Central university, Jharkhand, Brambe
(04/08/2014) to (14/11/2014)
3. Course on “Microwave (SAR) Remote sensing for natural resources”
from Indian institute of Remote sensing (ISRO) at EDUCET held at
Central university, Jharkhand, Brambe (03/02/2014 -29/03/2014).
 Chapter 7
Publications

• Gupta SK and Pandey AC, “Forest Canopy Density and Fragmentation Analysis for
Evaluating Spatio-Temporal Status of Forest in the Hazaribagh Wild Life Sanctuary,
Jharkhand (India)”, Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 12(4), 198–212,
https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2018.198.212 (2018)
• Gupta SK and Pandey AC, “Fraction of Vegetation Cover and Its Application in Vegetation
Characterization in the Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand, India”, International
Journal of Advance Remote sensing, DOI: doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.347(2018).
• Gupta SK and Pandey AC., Clustering Technique to Threshold Vegetation Indices and Gap
Detection in Hazaribagh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jharkhand (India)”, Journal on Future
Engineering and Technology, 14(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.14.1.15257(2019).
• Book Chapter: Geo-processing based hydrological sensitivity analysis and its impact on forest
and terrain attributes in the Hazaribagh wildlife sanctuary in Apple Publication.
• Gupta SK and Pandey AC. Forest landscape connectivity changes and forest loss via forest
transformation. Journal of Spatial Information research: In review.
• Gupta SK and Pandey AC. Multi spectral response to Spatio temporal chlorophyll content
mapping. Journal of India Society of Remote sensing: Submitted.
• Gupta SK and Pandey AC. Forest health and chlorophyll association for forest monitoring.
Environment, development and sustainability: Submitted.