Presentation
on
By :Technical Adviser,
National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited
Ansal Plaza, C Block, 2nd Floor, August Kranti Marg,
New Delhi 1
Bio-Gas
• Bio-Gas is a non-fossil, colour less, combustible gas
containing about 40 to 70% Methane. Bio-gas is
produced by anaerobic digestion of bio-degradable
materials such as organic waste, plant materials, crop
residue, manure, green waste etc. Biogas has
combustion properties like natural Gas as it burns at
about 800°C with an ignition temperature of 650 to
750° C compared to 1000°C for natural gas.
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Bio-Gas
• Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion contains
significant amount of impurities like water N2, O2,
H2S, NH3 and CO2. Therefore, Biogas has to be
purified prior to conversion into Bio-CNG. Cleaned
Bio-gas containing more than 96% Methane less than
2% O2 is considered for production of Bio-CNG.
CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) based vehicles are
growing very fast because of its Low Cost and
Environmental sustainability.
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Bio-Gas
Bio-CNG can take place of fossil fuels as transportation
fuel. Fuel properties of Bio-CNG are nearly the same as
regular CNG and also competitive compared to the other
automobile fuels such as Diesel and Petrol. The
percentage of Methane more than 96% in Bio-CNG is
higher than natural gas of 92% produced from different
gas fields.
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Use of Bio-Gas
• Use of Bio-CNG as automobile fuel provides
significant benefits in economic, emissions and engine
performance perspective.
• Due to high price and crises of crude oil, Petroleum
products and natural gas resources, the concept of
using Bio-CNG as a transportation fuel has greatly
increased.
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Biogas to Bio-CNG
• Up gradation of Biogas to Bio-CNG increases its calorific
value from 4500 Kcal/m3 to 8000-9000 K cal/m3.
• It is a replacement of Industrial LPG/CNG.
• Highest return for every m3 of Bio-gas.
• Supplementing of fossil fuel e.g.. LPG/CNG/Diesel/Petrol.
• Co2 emission reduction by 97% (164 g co2 e.g./km for Petrol
Vs. 5 g Co2 e.g./km for Bio-CNG)
• Can be fed to the Gas Network directly.
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Advantages with Bo-Scrubber-
H2S Removal System
• Clean bio-technology for H2S cleaning.
• Very high H2S removal efficiency –more than 99%.
• No expensive catalyst (or) chemical required.
• Operations at ambient temperature and pressure.
• Sulphur recovery as a By-product with 90% purity.
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Biogas to Bio-CNG
Feed Stock
Bio-Gas Generation
H2S Removal
CO2 Removal
Water Scrubbing
Bio-Gas based Gen Set Gas Compression
Bio-CNG
Bottling
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Advantages of Bio-CNG Project
• Advanced CSTR Design –Biomethanation/Microbial digester System.
• Low Cost Bio-CNG Production
• 8-10 times value enhancement of Press Mud.
• High Yield of Bio-gas/Bio-CNG production of oil companies specifications.
• Customised Bio-gas up gradation system.
• This whole project will be in operation at 100% capacity throughout the year.
• Easily adoptable to Multifeed Stock materials.
• Efficient way of energy conversion.
• Any bio-digestible material can be used as feed stock.
• This plant is totally automatic with PLC based, with less manpower, operates
with less production costs.
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Press mud storage & Feeding
arrangement
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Biogas Sources (Substrates)
• Waste water streams from the following
Industries :
• Distilleries
• Press mud / Bagasse
• STP (Municipal Solid, Liquid and landfills)
• Food-Agro Processing units (Starch-palm-food
etc.)
• Animal droppings-(pig-poultry-cattle etc.)
• Dairy
• Farm Waste (Rice husk, Straw etc.)
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What is Bio-CNG ?
Purified Biogas is called Bio CNG
Bio CNG is renewable Natural Gas
Bio CNG is exactly similar to Natural Gas in composition and
properties.
It is a direct replacement of NG and for applications of LPG
Parameters Biogas Bio-CNG
Methane (v/v) 55-65% 92-98%
CO2 (v/v) 35-45% 2-8%
H2 S (ppm) 500 – 30,000 <20 ppm
Moisture (deg. C dew Saturated <-40 deg.
point)
Other Impurities (e.g. Present Not present
Siloxanes)
Calorific Value (LCV) 19500 kj/kg ~52000 kJ/kg
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Potential of Bio CNG in India
High potential Industries for Biogas :
- Primary : Distillery, Sugar, and Starch (75% Biogas)
- Secondary : Pulp and paper, Milk processing, Slaughter
house and Poultry
Bio CNG India Potential
1281 MWe 70 lac kg of 7 lac full-tank cars daily
CNG/LPG per day
Biogas India Potential
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Fuel : Value per Rupee
Fuel Calorific Value Tariff/Rate/Cost Cost of Energy
CNG 52000 kJ/kg Rs.38.0/kg 1368 KJ/Rs.
Purified Biogas 52000 kJ/kg Rs.20.0/kg * 2600 KJ/Rs.
LPG (Commercial) 46000 kJ/kg Rs.65.7/kg 700 KJ/Rs.
Auto LPG 46000 kJ/kg Rs.74.0/kg 621 KJ/Rs.
LPG (Domestic) 46000 kJ/kg Rs.27.5/kg 1673 KJ/Rs.
Petrol 48000 kJ/kg Rs.65.5/ltr. 550 KJ/Rs.
Diesel 44800 kJ/kg Rs.41.3/ltr. 900 KJ/Rs.
Based on industrial ETP biogas
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Sweden : An example
Sweden plans to be World’s first oil-free economy by 2020.
Most of the heating requirement of this cold country is met
through Bio-CNG.
Bio-CNG is pushed in to NG pipeline
Natural Gas
Household
Natural Gas
Distribution Grid
Industry
Bio-CNG
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Vehicles
Closed Loop Recycling System
Biogas Source Biogas to Bio CNG Conversion Bio CNG Sale
Distilleries Vehicular Fuel
Breweries Food Processing
Paper and Pulp Bakeries
Tanneries Plastic Molding
Slaughter Ceramics/tiles
houses Glass
STPs Palm Oil Steel
Starch Rubber
Food Large Kitchens
Processing Hotels/Restaurants
Other using
Fuel gas
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Govt. Policy, Role & Support
MNRE Subsidy Scheme: Biogas Generation and
Fertilizer Program (BGFP).
Under BGFP, 50% capital subsidy was given for bio-
gas purification systems till 11th 5 year plan.
Biogas purification is a CDM based CER eligible
project.
BIS Standards for purified biogas as approved fuel are
developed and due notification
100% depreciation in first year for scrubbing units, if
classified as air pollution control equipment's.
Better loan terms
REC based Certificates for fuel RTFC will be the next
step (US/UK/Australia).
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MANUFACTURING PROCESS
FLOW CHART
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Gas Composition Comparision
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Gas Composition Comparison
Bio-Gas Bio-CNG Natural Gas
Propane Butane-
H2,O2, Silloxane H2,O2
6%
CO2-30% CO2-4% CO2-2%
Methane-60% Methane-95% Methane-92%
23.66 MJ/SM3 35.95 MJ/SM3 36.61 MJ/SM3
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Bio-Gas Cycle
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