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Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers

The document defines and provides examples of different types of rational numbers such as fractions, mixed numbers, and integers. It explains how to simplify fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by common factors. It also describes how to add and subtract rational numbers by first finding a common denominator and then applying the appropriate addition or subtraction rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate these concepts.

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Sarah Jane Nomo
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
111 views

Adding and Subtracting Rational Numbers

The document defines and provides examples of different types of rational numbers such as fractions, mixed numbers, and integers. It explains how to simplify fractions by dividing the numerator and denominator by common factors. It also describes how to add and subtract rational numbers by first finding a common denominator and then applying the appropriate addition or subtraction rules. Examples are provided to demonstrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Sarah Jane Nomo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Adding and Subtracting

Rational Numbers
Rational Numbers

• The term, Rational Numbers, refers to any number that can


be written as a fraction.
• This includes fractions that are reduced, fractions that can
be reduced, mixed numbers, improper fractions, and even
integers and whole numbers.
• An integer, like 4, can be written as a fraction by putting the
number 1 under it.

4
4=
1
Types of Rational Numbers
2
• Reduced Fractions:
3
4
• Not Reduced Fractions:
6
1
• Mixed Numbers: 5
4
• Improper Fractions: 6
4 6
• Integers and Whole Numbers:
1
Simplifying Fractions
• Simplifying fractions by dividing the numerator (top
number) and denominator (bottom number) by the
same value.
• Repeat this until there are no more numbers that
divide into both the numerator & denominator.
4 ¸2 2
• Example: =
6 ¸2 3
15 ¸5 3
• Example: =
10 ¸5 2
• Example: 36 ¸6 6
=
42 ¸6 7
Simplifying Fractions

• Example: 15 is already simplified.


14
• Example: 3 2 = 3×5 + 2 = 17 is already simplified.
5 5 5
(Rewrite mixed numbers as improper fractions before
you simplify.)
36 ¸2 18 ¸3 6
• Example: = =
42 ¸2 21 ¸3 7
(If after you divide, the fraction can still be
simplified, keep going.)
Adding Rational Numbers
• First they must have a common denominator.
• Next, look at the signs. If they have the same signs you
add the absolute values and keep the sign.
• If they have different signs subtract the absolute values
keep the sign of the larger absolute value.
Use the song to help remind you if you need to:
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=286228
Subtracting Rational Numbers
• First they must have a common denominator.
• Next, rewrite subtraction as addition – keep-change-
change.
• Follow the rules for adding rational numbers.
Use the song to help remind you if you need to:
http://www.teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=286228
Getting a Common Denominator
• Use this formula to get two fractions to have a
common denominator:

2 4
+
3 5 Common Denominator = 3•5=15.

2 4 2 ×5 + 4 ×3
+ =
3 5 15
2 4 2 × 5+ 4 × 3 22 7
+ = = =1 Simplify if possible.
3 5 15 15 15
More Examples

3 1 18 4 22 22 ¸2 11
1) + = + = = =
4 6 24 24 24 24 ¸2 12
{

Divide to Simplify.
Common Denominator

5 3 5× 2 + 3×8 34 34 ¸2 17
2) + = = = =
8 2 8 ×2 16 16 ¸2 8
More Examples

6 10 6 -10 Change Subtraction to Addition.


3) - = + (Keep-Change_Change.)
5 3 5 3
6 × 3 -10 × 5 18 + ( -50) -32
= + = =
5× 3 3× 5 15 15

Note: A fraction with a negative numerator


or denominator is a negative fraction.

-32 32 32
= =-
15 -15 15
More Examples
Change Subtraction to Addition
(Keep-Change-Change.).
1 5 13 11 -13 -11
4) - 3 - 1 =- - = +
4 6 4 6 4 6

Change Mixed Numbers to Improper Fractions.

-13 -11 (-13)× 6 (-11)× 4 -78 -44 -122 -61


+ = + = + = =
4 6 4×6 6×4 24 24 24 12
Get Common Denominator Simplify.
You Try It!
Find each sum or difference.

3 4 1 7
1) + 2) -
5 3 8 10

2 1 1 1
3) 5 + (-2 ) 4) - 3 -
5 4 2 5
Solutions
3 4 3 ×3 + 4× 5 29
1) + = =
5 3 5 ×3 15
1 7 1 -7 1×10 + (-7) ×8 -46 23
2) - = + = = =-
8 10 8 10 8 ×10 80 40
2 1 27 9 27× 4 9×5 108 45 63 3
3) 5 +(-2 ) = +(- ) = +(- ) = +(- ) = = 3
5 4 5 4 5× 4 4×5 20 20 20 20

1 1 7 1 -7 -1 (-7)5 + (-1)2 37
4) - 3 - = - - = + = =-
2 5 2 5 2 5 2 ×5 10

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