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Computer Graphics: in The Name of God

The document provides an overview of computer graphics, including basic concepts and applications. It discusses vector and raster graphics representations, as well as input and output hardware such as displays, printers, and input devices. The goals of the course are introduced as developing basic graphics concepts and skills in programming and linear algebra to enable further work in computer graphics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
64 views39 pages

Computer Graphics: in The Name of God

The document provides an overview of computer graphics, including basic concepts and applications. It discusses vector and raster graphics representations, as well as input and output hardware such as displays, printers, and input devices. The goals of the course are introduced as developing basic graphics concepts and skills in programming and linear algebra to enable further work in computer graphics.

Uploaded by

rezashamloo
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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In the name of God

Computer Graphics
Overview
• Introduction
• Geometry
• Interaction
• Graphic systems
1. Raster Graphics
2. Random Graphics
3. DVST
References
• Computer Graphics, Donald Hearn - M. Pauline Baker
2nd edition - international edition, Prentice Hall, 1994
1. Mathematical Elements For Computer Graphics ,
D.Roger and J.A. Adams, Mc Graw Hill 1990.
2. 3D Computer Graphics, Alan Watt, Addison Wesley,
1994.
3. Computer Graphics, Francis S. Hills, Mac Millan,
Publishing Company, 1990.
Evaluation

Midterm & Attendance 5 Marks


Final Exam 10 Marks
Programming Assignment 5 Marks

(Below 6 on the final exam means students have failed the


course, despite full marks on midterm and programming
assignment.)
Computer Graphics

Image Analysis
(pattern recognition)

Mathematical
Image
Model

Image Synthesis
(Rendering)

Modeling Image processing


Aims
• Introduce basic graphics concepts and
terminology
• Base for development computer graphics
programmes

C Programming Liner Algebra

OpenGL
Introduction

What is Computer Graphic?


Applications
Hardware
Introduction
image

Computer graphics
(Photo realistic rendering,
Non photo realistic rendering)
Virtual reality

Image processing
Interactive Computer Graphics

User input

Application

Screen image
Supporting knowledge
• Computer science (algorithms, data
structures, …)
• Mathematics (geometry, numerical, …)
• Physics (Optics, mechanics, …)
• Psychology (Colour, perception)
• Art and design
Applications
• Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD)
• Entertainment (animation, games, …)
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Visualization (Scientific Vis., Inform. Vis.)
• Medical Visualization
• …
Representations in graphics
Vector Graphics
• Image is represented by continuous
geometric objects: lines, curves, etc.

Raster Graphics
• Image is represented as an rectangular grid
of coloured squares
Vector graphics
• Graphics objects: geometry + colour
• Complexity ~ O(number of objects)
• Geometric transformation possible without
loss of information (zoom, rotate, …)
• Diagrams, schemes, ...
• Examples: PowerPoint, CorelDraw, ...
Raster graphics
• Generic
• Image processing techniques
• Geometric Transformation: loss of information
• Complexity ~ O(number of pixels)
• Jagged edges, anti-aliasing
• Realistic images, textures, ...
• Examples: Paint, PhotoShop, ...
Conversion
Vector graphics

Rasterization, Pattern recognition


Scan conversion

Raster graphics
display devices

bitmap screens (CRT & LCD)


displays
bitmap displays
• screen is vast number of coloured dots
anti-aliasing
Jaggies
– diagonal lines that have discontinuities in due to horizontal raster scan
process.

Anti-aliasing
– softens edges by using shades of line colour
– also used for text
Cathode ray tube
• Stream of electrons emitted from electron gun, focused
and directed by magnetic fields, hit phosphor-coated
screen which glows
• used in TVs and computer monitors
electron beam

electron gun

focussing and
deflection

phosphor-
coated screen
CRT Basics Horizontal
Focusing Deflection
System Plate

Heating
Filament
Electron Beam

Cathode
Control Accelerating Vertical
Grid System Deflection
Plate
Phosphor-
Coated
Screen
Graphics Devices
• Output Devices
– CRT Displays CPU DP Display
– Hard Copy Devices

• Input Devices
– Locator Input Hard Copy
– Stroke
– String (Keyboard)
– Valuator
– Choice (Button)
– Pick
DP (Display Processor)
CPU DP CRT

Memory Input

Why DP ?
– Scan conversion
– Refreshing screen
– Interfacing with interactive input devices
– Raster operations
– Character generation
– Additional functions
Raster-Scan Display
input
CPU DP CRT

pixel

Frame Buffer
Pixel = Picture element (bit-map)

Fixed frame buffer size


Independent of picture complexity
(a) (b)

(c) (d)
A raster-scan system displays an object as a set of points
across each screen scan line
Interlacing

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Liquid crystal displays
• Smaller, lighter, and … no radiation problems.

• Found on PDAs, portables and notebooks,


… and increasingly on desktop and even for home TV

• also used in dedicted displays:


digital watches, mobile phones

• How it works …
– Top plate transparent and polarised, bottom plate reflecting.
– Light passes through top plate and crystal, and reflects back to eye.
– Voltage applied to crystal changes polarisation and hence colour
– N.B. light reflected not emitted => less eye strain
LCD ( Liquid Crystal Display )
Basics

Viewing
direction

Reflective Horizontal Horizontal Liquid- Vertical Vertical


layer polarizer grid wires crystal grid wires polarizer
layer
• Other Technology
– Plasma-Panel Display
– Laser Devices
– Three-Dimensional Monitor
– Hard Copy Display
– Printer
– Plotter
– 3D-printer
situated displays
• displays in ‘public’ places
– large or small
– very public or for small group
• display only
– for information relevant to location
• or interactive
– use stylus, touch sensitive screen
• in all cases … the location matters
– meaning of information or interaction is related to the
location
Input Devices/Method
• Physical Devices
• Logical Devices
• Input Mode
– Request mode
– Event mode
– Sample mode
Physical Devices

• Keyboards
• Dials
• Touch Panels
• Light Pen
• Graphics Tablets
• 3D-Tablet
• Joystick / Mouse / Trackball
• Button
• Voice Systems

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