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Indeterminate Forms

1. The document discusses indeterminate forms such as 0/0, ∞/∞, 0×∞, and 1∞ which are undefined. 2. L'Hospital's rule is introduced as a way to evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms by taking the derivative of the top and bottom functions. 3. The rule is generalized to taking higher order derivatives when functions are differentiable multiple times in a neighborhood of the point. 4. Several examples are worked out applying L'Hospital's rule and its generalization to evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms.

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134 views

Indeterminate Forms

1. The document discusses indeterminate forms such as 0/0, ∞/∞, 0×∞, and 1∞ which are undefined. 2. L'Hospital's rule is introduced as a way to evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms by taking the derivative of the top and bottom functions. 3. The rule is generalized to taking higher order derivatives when functions are differentiable multiple times in a neighborhood of the point. 4. Several examples are worked out applying L'Hospital's rule and its generalization to evaluate limits involving indeterminate forms.

Uploaded by

Just Sleeping
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Indeterminate Forms

 The expressions of the form


0 
, ,   ,0  ,  0 ,00 ,1
0  which all are
undefined and are called Indeterminate forms.
L’ Hospital’s Rule for 0/0 form
 If f and g are differentiable in some nbd. N of
the points a , expect perhaps at a and
 (i) Lt
x a
f(x)=0= Lt g(x)
x a
 (ii) g ( x)  0 in some deleted nbd. N of a
'

(iii) Lt ' ( x) exists , whether finite or infinite


'
 f
g ( x)
then xa
'
f ( x) f ( x)
Lt  Lt '
x a g ( x) x a g ( x)
Genralisation of L’ Hospital’s Rule
 If f and g are differentiable upto order n in a
deleted nbd. N of a such that

(i ) g k ( x)  0,0  k  n, k  N ( where, g 0 ( x)  g ( x))


(ii ) Lt f k ( x)  0  Lt g k ( x) : 0  k  n  1
xa xa

f n ( x)
(iii ) Lt n
exist , whether finite or infinite ,then
xa g ( x)
f ( x) f n ( x)
Lt  n
xa g ( x) g ( x)
Examples
1  cos 2 ( x )
1.Evalute Lt 2
x 0 sin x
1
2. Lt x sin
x  x
2 1
sin x cos
3. Lt x
x 0 x

Indeterminate form
 Evaluate x2  2x  



Lt
x  5  3 x
2

form

2x  2   
 Lt  form 
x   6x   
2 1
 Lt 
x   6 3


log(   )
 Evaluate Lt 2
x
 tan 
2
Indeterminate form 0. &   
 Evaluate Lt x 2 log x 2 (0.form)
x 0

log x 2   
 Lt  form 
x 0 1/ x2   
1 2 2 x 
 x
Lt
x 0 2 3
x
 Lt ( x 2 )  0
x 0

 Evaluate  1 
 cot x  2 
2
Lt
x 0  x 
Indeterminate form 0 
& 1 &  0

 Evaluate Lt xx
x 0 
 let y  x x
 log y  log x x
 Lt log y  Lt x log x0.form 
 
x 0 x 0

log x    1/ x
 Lt Ltlog y   form  Lt
x 0  x 0 
1   x 0  1/ x2
x
 Lt log y  Lt (  x )  0
x 0  x 0 

 Lt y  e0
x 0 

 y 1
 Lt xx  1
x 0 

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