DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
ANDHRA PRADESH
• Name :[Link] Reddy
• Designation :Lecturer
• Branch :Metallurgical Engineering
• Institute :Govt. Polytechnic ,Vizag
• Year/Semester :III semester
• Subject :Iron Making
• Subject code :Met-305
• Major Topic :Iron ores & their preparation
Burden distribution
• Duration : 50 min
• Sub Topic : Process variables
• Teaching Aids :PPT , Animation
Met305.7 1
OBJECTIVES
On the completion of this period the student
will be able to
• State the process variables in sintering
• Know various types of sinter
Met305.7 2
Recap
• Sintering of Iron Ores.
• Dwight Lloyd sintering Machines.
Met305.7 3
Dwight Lloyd sintering Machines
Met305.7 4
Process variables
• The quality and productivity of sinter depends on
• The size of ore fines
• Moisture content
• Fuel content
• Ignition intensity
• Bed height
• Machine speed
Met305.7 5
Size of the charge
• The strength of sinter is directly related
to the size distribution of the charge mix
• If the size is large(+10mm),the contact
area is less and the strength will be lower
• If the size is too small(-100mm), the contact
area is large and the strength will be high
Met305.7 6
Size of the charge
• Therefore a size range of -10mm to +100mm
is preferred for sintering
• The size of coke breeze and lime powder
should be -3mm
Met305.7 7
Fuel content
• The amount of fuel in the charge is
directly related to the combustion
• Fuel content is usually 6 - 8%
• A double layer charging with less fuel
in the lower layer of the charge bed
will save the fuel content
Met305.7 8
Moisture content
• Moisture maintains proper permeability
of the charge bed
• It increases the specific volume of air required
• The percentage of moisture in the
sinter mix is 3 -6%
Met305.7 9
Ignition intensity
• Both quality and productivity of sinter
depends on proper ignition conditions.
• The depth of top layer ignited can be
improved by using gaseous fuels
Met305.7 10
Types of sinter
• Based on the addition of flux in the
charge mix, the different types of sinter are
• [Link] sinter
• [Link] sinter
• [Link] fluxed sinter
Met305.7 11
Acid sinter
• No flux in the sinter mix. The basicity
of the mix is less than one
• Required amount of flux is added
in the furnace
• The production of this type sinter is declining
Met305.7 12
Fluxed sinter
• The amount of flux added in the
sinter mix is just equal to the amount
of impurities present in the sinter mix
• The basicity of the mix is one
• This type of sinter is used when the
furnace is charged with 100% sinter
• If ore is charged into the furnace,
separate flux is required
Met305.7 13
Super fluxed sinter
• The amount of flux, added in the
sinter mix, will take care of the gangue
in the sinter mix as well as the gangue in the ore
• The basicity of the mix is more than one
• When this type of sinter is charged in
the furnace, no additional flux is required
Met305.7 14
Summary
• We have discussed about
• Process variables in sintering
• Types of sinter
a) Acid sinter
b) Fluxed sinter
c) Super fluxed sinter.
Met305.7 15
Quiz
• The percentage of fuel in the sinter mix is -------
A) 10%
B) 4%
C) 8%
D) 15%
• The basicity of super fluxed sinter is ---------
A) Less than one
B) One
C) more than one
D) None
Met305.7 16
• The percentage of moisture in the sinter mix ----------
A) 2%
B) 6%
C) 9%
D) 0%
• Basicity is the ratio of ----------
A) SiO2/ Al2O3
B) (CaO+MgO)/SiO2
C) CaO/Al2O3
D) Mgo/Al2O3
Met305.7 17
Frequently asked questions
• State the process variables in sintering
• List various types of sinter
Met305.7 18
