INTRODUCTION

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING I
 GRADING POLICY (TENTATIVE)
Every student has A as of today
 Your future grade will be determined using the following criteria

Theory

10% Sectional-1
15% Sectional-2
50% Final
15% Assignments & Project
10% Quizzes

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 COURSE DETAILS
 Books
 Somerville, Ian. Software Engineering, 9th Edition, Addison-Wesley, 2006
 R.S. Pressman, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6th ed., McGraw-Hill
Book Co., NY, 2005
Policies
 Attendance policy
 Mobile phone usage
 Assignment submission
 Quizzes
 Fines
 Plagiarism policy

 Important Rule – Don’t Cheat! (There will not be a 2nd warning)

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LECTURE OUTCOMES

At the end of this lecture you should be able to

answer the following key questions:
What is software engineering?
Why is software engineering important?
What is the role of software in today’s age?

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 COURSE OUTLINE
Software Engineering I Software Engineering II
This Semester Next Semester
 Evolving Role of Software
 Software Process Models
 Software Configuration management
 Requirements Analysis
 Use-Case Fundamentals
 UML Notations
Requirements
 Actor-Goal Lists Design and
 Class Diagrams
Analysis and Implementation
 Sequence Diagrams
Architecture
 Architecture
Architectural Patterns
Decision Tables
User Interface Design
Facts and Fallacies of Software
Engineering
WHAT IS (NOT) S.E.?
Not just software programming
 Individual vs. team
Not just a process
 Field that studies several different processes

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WHAT IS SOFTWARE ENGINEERING?

An Exercise: List all the ways in which

 Building a tinker-toy car for fun is different from designing a
new automobile
 Building a tree-house is different from the architecture of a
high-rise office building

So, how might software “engineering” be different

from writing a 50-line Java applet?

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - 2012 7

SOFTWARE VARIES
Size
How humans interact with it
Requirements stability/knowledge
Need for reliability
Need for security
Portability
Cost

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MICROSOFT POWERPOINT

Size: large
Interactiveness: high
Requirements: frequent new features
Reliability: moderate
Security: low (at least used to be)
Portability: high
Cost: high

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING - 2011 9

SPACE SHUTTLE SOFTWARE

Size: moderate to large

Interactiveness: low
Requirements: stable
Reliability: very high
Security: low
Portability: low
Cost: high

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ONLINE SHOPPING SOFTWARE

Size: moderate
Interactiveness: high
Requirements: frequent new features
Reliability: moderate
Security: high
Portability: low
Cost: low

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YOUR EXAMPLE
Size:
Interactiveness:
Requirements:
Reliability:
Security:
Portability:
Cost:

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

What is Software?
 The programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the
functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.

 A set of instructions that cause a computer to perform one or

more tasks. The set of instructions is often called a program

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

What is Engineering?

 Engineering is the discipline and profession of applying

technical, scientific and mathematical knowledge in order to
utilize natural laws and physical resources to help design and
implement materials, structures, machines, devices, systems, and
processes that safely realize a desired objective.

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
What is Software Engineering?
 Software engineering is the application of a systematic,
disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation,
and maintenance of software.
 Software engineering encompasses a process, management
techniques, technical methods, and the use of tools.

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WHY LEARN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING?

Not necessarily learning software engineering to engineer software.

By the end of this course, you will be trained on how to carry out a
project successfully, how to communicate with the stakeholders & how
to transform this communication into powerful models which will lead
to a winning product.
Moreover you will also learn how to test these models & how to
evaluate risks at every stage of the development process.

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WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?
1. Understanding, clarifying and documenting the
requirements for a customer

2. Planning how to conduct a project

3. Designing a software system at the architectural and

detailed levels

4. Reviewing and testing designs and implementations

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SOFTWARE PRODUCTS (TYPES)
Generic products
 Stand-alone systems that are marketed and sold to any
customer who wishes to buy them.
 Examples – PC software such as graphics programs, project
management tools; CAD software; software for specific
markets such as appointments systems for dentists.
Customized products
 Software that is commissioned by a specific customer to meet
their own needs.
 Examples – embedded control systems, air traffic control
software, traffic monitoring systems.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Question Answer

What is software? Computer programs and associated documentation.

Software products may be developed for a particular
customer or may be developed for a general market.
What are the attributes of good software? Good software should deliver the required functionality
and performance to the user and should be
maintainable, dependable and usable.
What is software engineering? Software engineering is an engineering discipline that is
concerned with all aspects of software production.
What are the fundamental software Software specification, software development, software
engineering activities? validation and software evolution.
What is the difference between software Computer science focuses on theory and fundamentals;
engineering and computer science? software engineering is concerned with the practicalities
of developing and delivering useful software.
What is the difference between software System engineering is concerned with all aspects of
engineering and system engineering? computer-based systems development including
hardware, software and process engineering. Software
engineering is part of this more general process.

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 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Question Answer
What are the key challenges facing Coping with increasing diversity, demands for reduced
software engineering? delivery times and developing trustworthy software.
What are the costs of software Roughly 60% of software costs are development costs,
engineering? 40% are testing costs. For custom software, evolution
costs often exceed development costs.
What are the best software engineering While all software projects have to be professionally
techniques and methods? managed and developed, different techniques are
appropriate for different types of system. For example,
games should always be developed using a series of
prototypes whereas safety critical control systems require
a complete and analyzable specification to be developed.
You can’t, therefore, say that one method is better than
another.
What differences has the web made to The web has led to the availability of software services
software engineering? and the possibility of developing highly distributed service-
based systems. Web-based systems development has led
to important advances in programming languages and
software reuse.

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ESSENTIAL ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD
SOFTWARE
Product characteristic Description

Maintainability Software should be written in such a way so that it can evolve to

meet the changing needs of customers. This is a critical attribute
because software change is an inevitable requirement of a
changing business environment.
Dependability and Software dependability includes a range of characteristics
security including reliability, security and safety. Dependable software
should not cause physical or economic damage in the event of
system failure. Malicious users should not be able to access or
damage the system.
Efficiency Software should not make wasteful use of system resources such
as memory and processor cycles. Efficiency therefore includes
responsiveness, processing time, memory utilisation, etc.

Acceptability Software must be acceptable to the type of users for which it is

designed. This means that it must be understandable, usable and
compatible with other systems that they use.

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APPLICATION TYPES
Data collection systems
 These are systems that collect data from their environment using
a set of sensors and send that data to other systems for
processing.
Systems of systems
 These are systems that are composed of a number of other
software systems.

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SOFTWARE ENGINEERING AND THE WEB
The Web is now a platform for running application and
organizations are increasingly developing web-based systems
rather than local systems.
Web services allow application functionality to be accessed over
the web.
Cloud computing is an approach to the provision of computer
services where applications run remotely on the ‘cloud’.
 Users do not buy software but pay according to use.

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HARDWARE VS. SOFTWARE
Hardware Software

 Manufactured Developed/Engineered
Wears out  Deteriorates
 Built using components  Custom built
 Relatively simple Complex

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MANUFACTURING VS. DEVELOPMENT
Once a hardware product has been manufactured, it is difficult or
impossible to modify. In contrast, software products are routinely
modified and upgraded.
In hardware, hiring more people allows you to accomplish more
work, but the same does not necessarily hold true in software
engineering.
Unlike hardware, software costs are concentrated in design rather
than production.

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SOFTWARE MYTHS
If we get behind schedule, we can add more programmers and catch up.
A general statement about objectives is sufficient to begin building programs.
Change in project requirements can be easily accommodated because
software is flexible.

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CUSTOMER MYTHS

“A general statement of objectives is sufficient to

begin writing programs - we can fill in the details
later …”

“Project requirements continually change but this

change can easily be accommodated because software
is flexible …”

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ASSIGNMENTS
Write down brief description of few software applications that
are being used at various organizations in Pakistan
(Deadline – 18th Feb)
 Read Chapter 1 and be prepare for quiz

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QUESTIONS?
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