SHRUTI VERMA

CLASS: 1-A
 •Production process is different.
•The float glass color viewed from side is different from
general glass.
•The objects is no distortion by float glass reflection, the
general has waterlines type of deformation
•Quality determination method is not the same

•Ordinary glass is emerald green, transparency is not

high, it easy to occure deformation and aging under
rain. Clear float glass is dark green, smooth surface
without ripples, perspective is good, it has a certain
toughness.
The float glass process also known as the
Pilkington process, named after the
British glass manufacturer Sir Alastair
Pilkington pioneered the technique in the
1950s at their production site in St Helens,
Merseyside, England.

SIR
•Float glass is a substance composed primarily of K2O,
Al2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2SO4, SiO2.

•The raw material used to make clear float glass is sand,

soda ash, dolomite, limestone and salt cake.
 Glass is resistant to most acids but is highly
susceptible to attack by alkaline materials, strong
bases will etch glass over time, making the glass
frosted or leading to dissolution of the glass surface.
 Silicane molecules will chemically react with SiO2.
These molecules are used to form adhesion to glass.
 It can withstand the effect of the chemical reaction
under different environmental conditions or
acidic effects.

Structure of a typical solid vs that of a glass

 Float glass has transparent, flat and smooth surface.
It has a natural greenish hue.
 It transmits 87% of the light which is incident on it.
 It can be coated with different metal oxides to
produce tinted glass.
 Float glass comes with less or no optimal distortion
and provides a clear view, unlike sheet glass.
 Available in thicknesses from 2 mm to 19 mm.
 Float glass is non biodegradable.
 Float glass is sheet glass made by floating molten
glass on a bed of molten tin. This method gives the
glass uniform thickness and a very flat surface. Over
90% of the world production of flat glass is float
glass.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMGkbr
ETU8M
HIGHLY POPULAR IN THE Used In Doors, Windows,
CONSTRUCTION OF Tabletops, Stairs, Bottles,
ARCHITECTURAL EXTERIORS Glass Partitions, Furniture
AND INTERIORS. Articles, Etc.

Used In Commercial Structures It Can Be Processed To

In The Form Of Facades And Produce Various Glasses
Glazing To Provide Better Such As Laminated Glass,
Aesthetics. Toughened Glass, Insulated
Glass Units, Mirrors, Etc.

High-performance Glass Can  For high rise buildings

float glass should not be
Be Made From Float Glass By used in exteriors as it may
Coating It With Metal Oxides. break due to high wind
loads. For such cases
toughened glass should be
used.
 Since glass in its original state is very pure, the
output of recycled glass is not compromised of its
quality. It saves 40% of energy compared to the
whole manufacturing process all the raw materials.
 Crushed glass is being used in place of expensive
imported aggregate and soil in the construction of
wall, roadways and to assist with drainage in large
construction projects.
 Efforts are now being made to use recycled glass in
construction industry as aggregates for concrete and
clay bricks, in insulation, in making roads, glass tiles
and translucent glass sheets.
 1. Dismantling of the window, glazing or other flat glass
products from the building
it is the first key step toward achieving the highest recycling rates of building glass.

2. Collection of the dismantled window, glazing or other flat

glass products
proper sorting and collection at the earliest stage possible is essential to avoid the breakage
and potential contamination of the glass by other building components that would make
efficient recycling more difficult.

3. Segregation of the glass from the window.

4. Treatment to remove pollutants from glass

The treatment by specialist external glass recyclers is needed in order to ensure the
cullet quality required for recycling into new glass products.

5. Recycling in flat glass furnaces

After proper treatment, the cullet should be able to fulfill the highest quality
specifications, as required by flat glass manufacturers, and can be sent back to the
glass furnaces to produce new flat glass products (closed loop recycling).
Producing one ton of glass from virgin Recycling one ton of glass:
materials requires:

1,300 pounds of sand creates 20% less air pollution

400 pounds of soda ash saves 10 gallons of oil

400 pounds of limestone saves 1.2 tons of raw materials

mix melts at 2,800 degrees Fahrenheit. melts at 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit

24,000 gallons of water requires 50% less water

15 million BTUs of energy requires 32% less energy

151 pounds of feldspar

 Although glass is the purest form of a building material
in the sense that it does not contain additives, the
manufacturing process of glass leads to enormous green
house gases thus making it very harmful to the
environment.
 The float process emits approx 0.8kg CO₂ per kg glass
sold from both direct (fossil fuels and carbonate
decomposition) emissions and indirect (electricity
generation) emissions. Therefore, approximately 1.1kg
CO₂ is released in order to manufacture 1.0kg of non-
processed, glass.
 The CO₂ emitted during transportation to the customer
varies depending on the distance and mode of
transportation.
 Eighty percent of European consumers know that glass
can be infinitely recycled without any loss of its
qualities, and that glass recycling has many positive
benefits for the environment.

Each time one tonne of glass containers is recycled in a

furnace:
• Less CO2 is emitted as less energy is needed to melt cullet.
Emissions from virgin raw materials breaking down in the
furnace are avoided.
• The amount of packaging waste going to landfill is
reduced by one tonne.
• 1.2 tonnes of virgin raw material does not need to be
quarried, processed and transported.
 Firozabad is known as the glass city of India.
 Approximately only 45% glass waste gets recycled
in India every year
 The total volume of float glass manufactured in India
is approximately 1.2 million tonnes annually, of
which almost 77% is consumed domestically.
 India’s per capita glass consumption is only 0.7kg,
compared to an average of 8-10kg in other
developing economies hence it offers tremendous
growth potential.
 https://aigmf.com/GW32%2022,24.pdf

https://www.tagbox.in/blog/distribution-of-flat-glass-a-
reflection/
https://www.slideshare.net/MihirKumar2/flat-glass-industry-
analysis-47205567
https://sustpractice.wordpress.com/2015/03/08/glass-
sustainable-or-unsustainable/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Float_glass

https://glassdoctor.com/expert-tips/all-about-glass/float-glass

https://feve.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/FEVE-
brochure-Recycling-Why-glass-always-has-a-happy-CO2-ending-
.pdf
http://www.chinanorthglass.com/news/619.html