Paints

Building Technology 1 - Materials

Ar/EnP Maria Jorquesa A Hakcholna
Introduction
•The final finishing of all surfaces such as walls, ceilings, woodwork,
metalwork, etc is necessary to make them look good and also for
their protection from moisture, termites etc.
•So according to the nature of the surface and the finishing
required, the surface should be coated with different types of
paints.
• PAINT is a solution of a pigment in water, oil, or organic solvent,
used to cover wood or metal articles either for protection or for
appearance
•For different surfaces different types of paints from different
companies are used.
•Some of the leading companies in the Philippines are
Boysen Paints, Davies Paints, DutchBoy Paints, Ace, Nippon, etc.
Introduction

• Paint is one major segment of the surface coatings, which

also includes varnishes, enamels, printing inks and polishes.
• The paint industry produces a huge variety of products that
protect, preserve, and also beautify the objects to which they
are applied.
• Typical products include architectural coatings (e.g. house
paints), industrial coatings (e.g. automotive finishes, wood
furniture and fixture finishes), and special purpose coatings
(e.g. traffic paints, roof coatings).
What are some of the uses for paint?

• Art works
• Decoration (residential paints)
• Protection of a surface (rust inhibiting auto paints)
• Warnings (reflective paint, fluorescent paint)
Basic Composition of Paint
Prime Pigments
• Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
• Provides excellent hiding power and whiteness.
• Available as a solid (powder) or liquid (slurry).
• Zinc Oxide
• Controls mildew
• Resists ultra-violet light
• Resists yellowing
• Titanium dioxide
is the world's primary pigment for providing
whiteness, brightness and opacity.
Resins

• Binds or glues ingredients (pigments and additives) of

paint together.
• Resin provides adhesion to the substrate.
• Resin provides durability & resistance properties:
• U-V resistance
• Moisture resistance
• Chemical resistance
• Stain resistance
• Fade resistance
• Chalk resistance
• Block resistance
FILLERS

• Fillers are a special type of pigment that serve to thicken the

film, support its structure and simply increase the volume of
the paint.
• Fillers are usually comprised of cheap and inert materials,
such as talc, lime, clay, etc.
SOLVENTS

• The main purpose of the solvent is to adjust the viscosity of

the paint.
• Water is the main vehicle for water-based paints.
• Solvent-based paints can have various combinations of
solvents as the vehicle, including aliphatic, alcohols, etc.
• These include organic solvents such as petroleum distillate,
esters, glycol ethers, and the like.
ADDITIVES

• Additives are mixed in very small amounts and yet give a very
significant effect on the product.
• Additives are used because:
 Modify surface tension.
 Improve flow properties.
 Improve the finished appearance.
 Improve pigment stability.
 Control foaming.
 Control skinning.
How does paint dry?

 When paint dries, a thin polymer film is formed that

adheres to the surface and suspends the pigments.
Paint dries by a number of different mechanisms:
 Solvent evaporation
 Rust proof paints
 Heating (thermosetting)
 Automotive
 Oxidation
 Drying oils, artistic paints
 Linseed oil
Other Coatings

 Varnish: A film former, commonly

polyurethane, dissolved in a solvent, which
normally doesn’t contain a stain. Purpose is
to protect wood
 Stain: A mixture of organic dyes dissolved in
solvent. Made to penetrate wood and stain in.
Does not protect
 Enamel: originally a glossy, thermosetting
paint. Now any paint which dries glossy
CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS
 CLASSIFICATION OF PAINTS

Paints can be classified under various factors that are:

ON THE BASIS OF BASE USED-
•Oil Paints utilize a drying oil that oxidizes and hardens to form
a tough elastic film when exposed to thin layer of air.
•Alkyd Paints have as a binder an alkyd resin, such as
chemically modified soy or linseed oil.
•Latex Paints have as a binder an acrylic resin that coalesces as
water evaporates from the emulsion.
•Epoxy Paints have an epoxy resin as a binder for increased
resistance to corrosion, abrasion and chemicals
ON THE BASIS OF PROPERTIES
•Rust Inhibiting Paints & Primers-
These are especially formulated with anticorrosive pigments to prevent or
reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.
•Fire Retardant Paints-
These are especially formulated with silicone and polyvinyl chloride or
other substance to reduce the flame spread of a combustible material
•Heat Resistant Paints-
These are specially formulated with silicone resins to withstand high
temperatures.
•In tumescent Coatings-
These when exposed to the heat of a fire, swell to form a thick insulating
layer of inert foam that retards flame spread and combustion.
CHOOSING THE RIGHT PAINT
Because picking a color is only the beginning.

Unsure which paint is best for your project?

Don't skip the research. The type of paint you choose is just as
important as the color, and can have a major effect on the
character of your room and the vibe you want to achieve.
WATER-BASED PAINTS

• The majority of wall paint sold today is water-based, primarily

because of its ease of use.
• If your surface has been previously coated with an oil-based product,
be cautious when switching to water-based paint as it may have
trouble sticking. In this situation, it is recommended washing the
surface and then roughening it all over with a medium to smooth grit
sandpaper—making it clean, dry, and dull in order to prevent peeling
of the new coat.
• For those instances when an oil-based paint would traditionally be
preferable, but you desire a water-based product, a number of
companies have introduced "waterborne enamels" or "waterborne
alkyds." These paints look and behave much like oil-based options
because they have good leveling qualities for a smooth finish.
Advantages of WATER-BASED PAINTS

• doesn't require a pre-treatment

• no mildew growth
• low VOCs (low levels of toxic emissions)
• easy cleanup with water
• quick drying
• an elastic, flexible finish resistant to cracking
• can be used on almost all surfaces
• stable color over time, doesn't yellow or fade in sunlight
OIL-BASED PAINTS

• Oil-based paint can be used on almost all surfaces, and is praised for
its high durability and rich finish. Still, be cautious, as oil paint emits
strong fumes that can be overwhelming, and the paint cannot be
washed with water. If you choose oil paint, solvents like turpentine
are necessary for washing brushes or other materials with unwanted
paint on them.
Advantages of OIL-BASED PAINTS

• attractive gloss
• good for high-moisture rooms (ex. bathroom or kitchen)
• longer dry time (good for making fixes)
• good "leveling" (brush strokes fill themselves in to create a smooth finish)
• hard, durable finish
 PAINT FINISHES

• Sheen options vary by manufacturer, but share some common

characteristics. As durability improves across all sheen levels with
newer paints, many people are finding creative ways to mix and
match them.
• It is noticed that customers are becoming more experimental in their
use of paint finish, to create real impact and texture within a scheme.
Thus, try painting a stripe of full gloss on a matte wall in the same
color to create a striking, textured look.
Paint Finish: Matte paint
• is the least reflective sheen available
• has a velvety texture
• helps hides imperfections in walls and ceilings
• offers great depth of color
• is generally considered the standard sheen for walls
• can sometimes be difficult to clean
Paint Finish: Eggshell and satin paint
(satin is slightly glossier than eggshell)
• have some reflectivity
• offer improved durability
• are frequently used in demanding environments, like kitchens and
bathrooms, where easy cleanup without a highly glossy finish is desired
Paint Finish: Semi-gloss and gloss paint
• great for kitchens, doors, window trim, accent walls, and bathrooms
• are the most reflective sheens
• are highly durable and stand up to multiple cleanings
• are traditionally used on baseboards, moldings, and doors
• can make a statement, but also highlight imperfections
• Sue Kim, color trend and forecast
specialist at Valspar, recommends Mix and Match…
trying an accent wall with a gloss
sheen, while painting the rest of a Variants
room matte.
• But at the end of the day, "It's all • As for eggshell and satin, Kim
about how you want to set the likes to use them in smaller
atmosphere of your home," she spaces with little natural light. "I
says. always say a satin finish is great
in a powder room," she says. "It
• "A matte sheen gives you a calm reflects the light to bring out the
and serene feeling, because of that color." Eggshell is also great for
textural element." On the other end covering wall imperfections, and
of the spectrum, gloss adds energy is scuff resistant.
and excitement.
• Remember that darker and richer
colors have a naturally higher sheen
(due to increased colorant), so you
may want to consider a lower sheen
when using a darker paint color.
• Finally, it is important to remember that the paint you choose is only
as good as the quality of the tools you paint with. Although you may
think rollers or brushes are a good place to save money, using high-
quality tools will help you achieve the best look.
The harmony of hues your home has been missing.

• When in doubt,
turn to the color
wheel. This is a rule
that even pro
designers follow,
and can be used to
guide the design of
your interiors.
While monochrome
may be the latest
obsession, we’re
turning to new
pairings for a fresh
use of color.
Enter: the analogous color scheme. This scheme involves three hues, all of which
are positioned next to each other on the color wheel.
 • Many designers apply the 60-
TIPS 30-10 rule, which is used ensure
a peaceful, visually appealing
• main caution is that you are balance.
careful not to overdo it. Look to
• Under this rule:
nature to inspire your palette,
• 60% of your space will be the
and understand that smaller base color,
touches of this color scheme, • 30% will be your accent color, and
with neutrals as a base, can go a
• 10% will be you pop of color.
long way. Selecting shades of
the colors that are more muted
can be a successful way to pull
off a design with analogous • To simplify this rule even
colors. further, here are the areas in
which you should focus on using
• Also using the analogous colors
each of these colors:
as the accent colors in an
• 60%: Walls, area rugs, large
otherwise more neutral palette furniture.
can be a great way to design a
• 30%: Accent chairs, window
space that is not overwhelming treatments, bedding, rugs.
with color. • 10%: Throw pillows, art,
accessories.
BLUE, GREEN, AND
BLUE-GREEN:
about this color scheme is often plants can
be used for the green.
It’s a fun way to work in the colors in a
subtle natural and organic way. Use it with a
neutral background for a calm cozy inviting
space. Use it in a dark way to create mood
and vibe in a space.
VIOLET, RED-VIOLET,
AND RED:
something a little more daring, shades of
purple and red can be extremely sultry and
versatile.
about this color scheme, especially at the
moment, is the boho vibe it can create
It’s a nod to the style and fashion of the
80s— love to use it in a teen bedroom or
hang out space.
YELLOW, GREEN,
BLUE:
Who doesn’t love to bring the outside in?
This color scheme works overtime in
bringing the sunshine, greenery and
happiness into a living space.
Using this color scheme in a main space or
even a bedroom promotes smiles and good
times. I’m sure of it.